Molecular, Pathophysiological, and Clinical Aspects of Corticosteroid-Induced Neuropsychiatric Effects: From Bench to Bedside

• Published in: Biomedicines Vol. 12; no. 9; p. 2131
• Main Authors: Sofía-Avendaño-Lopez, Sara, Rodríguez-Marín, Angela Johanna, Lara-Castillo, Mateo, Agresott-Carrillo, Juanita, Lara-Cortés, Luna Estefanía, Sánchez-Almanzar, Juan Felipe, Villamil-Cruz, Sophya, Rojas-Rodríguez, Luis Carlos, Ariza-Salamanca, Daniel Felipe, Gaviria-Carrillo, Mariana, Calderon-Ospina, Carlos Alberto, Rodríguez-Quintana, Jesús
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19.09.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: adverse effects; Affective disorders; Antidepressants; Antioxidants; anxiety; Atrophy; Behavior; Cell death; Clinical aspects; Complications and side effects; Corticosteroids; Delirium; depression; Depression, Mental; Excitability; Gene expression; glucocorticoids; Hippocampus; Hormones; Inflammation; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Metabolism; Metabolites; Neostriatum; Nervous system; Neurogenesis; neuropsychiatry; Oxidative stress; Prophylaxis; Psychosis; psychotic disorders; Psychotropic drugs; Review; Steroids; Withdrawal; neuropsychiatry; anxiety; receptors; GABA-A; adverse effects; N-methyl-D-aspartate; depression; glucocorticoids; pharmacovigilance; psychotic disorders
• ISSN: 2227-9059; 2227-9059
• DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12092131

Corticosteroids are frequently prescribed across medical disciplines, yet they are associated with various adverse effects, including neuropsychiatric symptoms, documented since their introduction over 60 years ago. The cellular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms are complex and somewhat obscure, involving multiple pathways. Notably, they include changes in excitability, cellular death of hippocampal and striatal neurons, and increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Clinical presentation varies, encompassing affective disorders (anxiety, euphoria, depression), psychotic episodes, and cognitive deficits. It is crucial to note that these manifestations often go unnoticed by treating physicians, leading to delayed detection of severe symptoms, complications, and underreporting. Discontinuation of corticosteroids constitutes the cornerstone of treatment, resolving symptoms in up to 80% of cases. Although the literature on this topic is scant, isolated cases and limited studies have explored the efficacy of psychotropic medications for symptomatic control and prophylaxis. Pharmacological intervention may be warranted in situations where corticosteroid reduction or withdrawal is not feasible or beneficial for the patient.