A Preliminary Study on the Efficacy of Essential Oils Against Trichoderma longibrachiatum Isolated from an Archival Document in Italy

• Published in: Heritage Vol. 8; no. 6; p. 187
• Main Authors: Paolino, Benedetta, Sorrentino, Maria Cristina, Pacifico, Severina, Garrigos, Maria Carmen, Riccardi, Marita Georgia, Paradiso, Rubina, Lahoz, Ernesto, Borriello, Giorgia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.06.2025
• Subjects: antifungal activity; Antifungal agents; Archives & records; Biocides; biodeterioration; Case studies; Cellulose; Cultural heritage; essential oil; Fungi; Microorganisms; Oils & fats; paper heritage; Trichoderma longibrachiatum; Italy; United States > US
• ISSN: 2571-9408; 2571-9408
• DOI: 10.3390/heritage8060187

In this study, a historically significant journal subject to fungal colonization was used as a case study for experimenting with a fumigation treatment using essential oils. The experiments were carried out both in vitro and in vivo directly on the artifact. Post-treatment monitoring showed that the succession of two fumigation treatments (alternately using rosemary and lavender oil) resulted in the complete disinfection of the first and second populations detected on the substrate. The latter was identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum, a human pathogenic species, which was found to be sensitive to various concentrations of rosemary essential oil (1.2% v/v) and lavender essential oil (0.4% v/v), while it was not contained by the standard biocide based on benzalkonium chloride. The results obtained allowed the proposal of an application protocol for the fumigation of paper items that need to undergo biocidal treatment, which consists of alternating essential oils to increase the action spectrum of the natural substances and implementing a rotation principle to prevent the development of bio-resistances.