Fertilization and connectivity in the Garrucha Canyon (SE-Spain) implications for Marine Spatial Planning

• Published in: Marine environmental research Vol. 126; pp. 45 - 68
• Main Authors: Muñoz, M., Reul, A., Vargas-Yáñez, M., Plaza, F., Bautista, B., García-Martínez, M.C., Moya, F., Gómez-Moreno, M.-L., Fernandes, J.A., Rodríguez, V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2017; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Animals; Biological activity; Biological fertilization; Canyons; Coastal management; Coastal zone; Coasts; Connecting; Connectivity; Currents; Daily Vertical Migration; Ecosystem; Ecosystems; Environment models; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental planning; Fertilization; Fisheries; Food webs; Global positioning systems; GPS; Local economy; Marine protected areas; Marine resources; Marine Spatial Planning; Migration; Migrations; Ocean circulation; Phytoplankton; Radioactivity; Remote sensing; Sampling; Spain; Spatial planning; Studies; Upwelling; Zooplankton; Fertilization; Canyons; Daily Vertical Migration; Connectivity; Currents; Marine Spatial Planning; Zooplankton
• ISSN: 0141-1136; 1879-0291
• DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.02.007

Marine Spatial Planning is usually based on benthic georeferenced information or GPS tracked human activities, whereas the pelagic ecosystem is often ignored because of scarce and limited surface information. However, the 3-D pelagic ecosystem plays a key role connecting all the other ecosystems by physical (currents) and biological (migration) processes. According to remote sensing the Garrucha Canyon is oligotrophic, but 3-D sampling reveals subsurface upwelling, and converts it into the richest area around the Cape of Gata. Vertical connectivity by means of zooplankton migration, measured at two sampling stations, is 40 and 220 times faster than microphytoplankton settling and vertical water velocities respectively. Thus coupled physical-biological connectivity models are necessary to estimate the ecosystem connection and the fate of carbon, but also other substances (e.g. radioactivity), that might accumulate throughout the food-web. This is especially important in the Garrucha Canyon and the Coastal Areas Management Programme Levante de Almería where natural heritage and extractive fishery are important for the local economy. •3-D mesoscale pelagic pattern and connectivity is measured at Cape of Gata SE-Spain.•Local upwelling turns the Garrucha Canyon from an oligotrophic to eutrophic area.•In the vertical dimension biological connectivity outdoes physical connectivity.•Vertical transport of biomass and cumulative toxins occurs throughout the food web.•Land-Sea-Deep Sea connection should be included in MSP at CAMP-LA area.