New paradigms in inflammatory signaling in vascular endothelial cells

• Published in: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology Vol. 306; no. 3; pp. H317 - H325
• Main Authors: Xiao, Lei, Liu, Yahan, Wang, Nanping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Physiological Society 01.02.2014
• Subjects: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular Diseases - physiopathology; Cells; Cytokines - biosynthesis; Endothelium, Vascular - physiology; Epithelial Cells - immunology; Epithelial Cells - metabolism; Humans; Inflammation - physiopathology; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Membrane Glycoproteins - metabolism; Membrane Glycoproteins - physiology; Molecules; NF-kappa B - physiology; Obesity; Receptors, Cell Surface - metabolism; Receptors, Cell Surface - physiology; Ribonucleic acid; RNA; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptors; endothelium; microRNA; signaling; inflammation; inflammasome
• ISSN: 0363-6135; 1522-1539
• DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00182.2013

Inflammation is a basic cellular process in innate and adaptive immunity. Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in the initiation, amplification, and resolution of the inflammatory response. Deregulated inflammatory response is implicated in a variety of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Recent studies have made significant progresses in the understanding of the complex molecular pathways that mediate the pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells (ECs). Specifically, a number of macromolecular complexes termed as signalosomes have been identified to integrate the proinflammatory signaling from the membrane receptors to key transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Inflammasomes are associated with the pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) to mediate innate immunity responses. Emerging evidence has also revealed that noncoding microRNAs constitute a new class of intra- and intercellular signaling molecules to modulate inflammation in ECs. Thus this article will briefly summarize these new mechanisms with a special emphasis in the context of cardiovascular diseases.