Serum klotho concentration, vitamin D concentration and cardiovascular diseases risk: Evidence from the NHANES database 2007–2016

• Published in: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases Vol. 35; no. 6; p. 103905
• Main Authors: Chen, Rong, Yao, Yongwei, Yu, Jie, Yin, Chunyang, Zhang, Dawei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.06.2025
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers - blood; blood serum; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cardiovascular diseases risk; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cross-sectional study; Databases, Factual; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; epidemiology; Female; Glucuronidase - blood; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; hyperlipidemia; hypertension; Klotho Proteins; Male; metabolism; Middle Aged; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES database; nutrition; Nutrition Surveys; overweight; risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Serum klotho; Serum vitamin D; Time Factors; United States - epidemiology; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood; Vitamin D Deficiency - blood; Vitamin D Deficiency - diagnosis; Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology; Young Adult; United States; Cardiovascular diseases risk; Serum vitamin D; Cross-sectional study; NHANES database; Serum klotho
• ISSN: 0939-4753; 1590-3729; 1590-3729
• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2025.103905

Epidemiologic studies have shown that serum vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and CVDs-mortality. Klotho is a well-recognized anti-aging protein. However, it is limited understanding the role of Klotho on the association of serum VD and CVDs risk. This study aimed to explore the role of serum Klotho on the association between serum VD and CVDs risk. Totally 12,634 subjects were included from NHANES (2007–2016), of whom 1365 (10.80 %) had CVDs. Subjects were divided into serum VD deficient group sufficient group with the cutoff value of 50 nmol/L. Serum Klotho concentrations were detected by ELISA kit. Weighted univariate and multivariate were utilized to explore the association of serum Klotho, serum VD and CVDs risk, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Subjects with deficient serum VD had a 56 % increase in CVDs risk (OR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.21–2.00); subjects with deficient serum VD and low serum Klotho have the highest CVDs risk (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.19–2.11). We further found the association of low serum VD and CVDs risk was only observed in low serum Klotho concentration (OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.27–2.39), these results suggested serum Klotho concentration play a moderating effect on the association of serum VD concentration and CVDs risk. The results of subgroup analyses suggested these moderating effects were more prominent in subjects with overweight/obese (OR = 1.85, 9 %%CI: 1.25–2.72), and with the history of hypertension (OR = 1.87, 9 %%CI: 1.32–2.65) and dyslipidemia (OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.32–2.49). Low serum VD was associated with high CVDs risk and high serum Klotho may play a moderating effect on the association between serum VD and CVDs risk. •Representative samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.•Effect of serum Klotho on the association of serum vitamin D and cardiovascular diseases risk was explored.•Weighted univariable and multivariate logistic regression models and subgroup analysis utilized.