A mix of dietary fermentable fibers improves lipids handling by the liver of overfed minipigs

• Published in: The Journal of nutritional biochemistry Vol. 65; pp. 72 - 82
• Main Authors: Mohamed, Ahmed Ben, Rémond, Didier, Chambon, Christophe, Sayd, Thierry, Hébraud, Michel, Capel, Frédéric, Cohade, Benoit, Hafnaoui, Noureddine, Béchet, Daniel, Coudy-Gandilhon, Cécile, Migné, Carole, David, Jeremie, Dardevet, Dominique, Doré, Joel, Polakof, Sergio, Savary-Auzeloux, Isabelle
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2019; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary fiber; Dietary Fiber - therapeutic use; Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism; Female; Fermentation; Food and Nutrition; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Inulin - pharmacology; Life Sciences; Lipid Metabolism - drug effects; Lipogenesis - drug effects; Liver; Liver - drug effects; Liver - metabolism; Mini-pig; Overnutrition - diet therapy; Overnutrition - etiology; Pectins - pharmacology; Proteins - genetics; Proteins - metabolism; Proteomic; Short chain fatty acid; Sucrose - adverse effects; Swine; Swine, Miniature; Mini-pig; Short chain fatty acid; Dietary fiber; Liver; Proteomic; proteomics; porc; liver; fibre fermentescible; protéomique; lipid; short chain fatty acid; swine; lipide; fibre alimentaire; foie; liver function tests; dietary fibre; acide gras à chaîne courte; dietary fiber; mini-pig proteomic
• ISSN: 0955-2863; 1873-4847
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.12.002

Obesity induced by overfeeding ultimately can lead to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, whereas dietary fiber consumption is known to have a beneficial effect. We aimed to determine if a supplementation of a mix of fibers (inulin, resistant starch and pectin) could limit or alleviate overfeeding-induced metabolic perturbations. Twenty female minipigs were fed with a control diet (C) or an enriched fat/sucrose diet supplemented (O + F) or not (O) with fibers. Between 0 and 56 days of overfeeding, insulin (+88%), HOMA (+102%), cholesterol (+45%) and lactate (+63%) were increased, without any beneficial effect of fibers supplementation. However, fibers supplementation limited body weight gain (vs. O, −15% at D56) and the accumulation of hepatic lipids droplets induced by overfeeding. This could be explained by a decreased lipids transport potential (−50% FABP1 mRNA, O + F vs. O) inducing a down-regulation of regulatory elements of lipids metabolism / lipogenesis (−36% SREBP1c mRNA, O + F vs. O) but not to an increased oxidation (O + F not different from O and C for proteins and mRNA measured). Glucose metabolism was also differentially regulated by fibers supplementation, with an increased net hepatic release of glucose in the fasted state (diet × time effect, P<.05 at D56) that can be explained partially by a possible increased glycogen synthesis in the fed state (+82% GYS2 protein, O + F vs. O, P=.09). The direct role of short chain fatty acids on gluconeogenesis stimulation is questioned, with probably a short-term impact (D14) but no effect on a long-term (D56) basis.