Deeper insights into the drug defense of glioma cells against hydrophobic molecules

• Published in: International journal of pharmaceutics Vol. 503; no. 1-2; pp. 56 - 67
• Main Authors: Verebova, Valeria, Belej, Dominik, Joniova, Jaroslava, Jurasekova, Zuzana, Miskovsky, Pavol, Kozar, Tibor, Horvath, Denis, Stanicova, Jana, Huntosova, Veronika
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 30.04.2016
• Subjects: Anthraquinones - chemistry; Anthraquinones - pharmacology; Anthraquinones - radiation effects; Antraquinones; ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 - metabolism; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Nucleus - metabolism; Cell Nucleus - radiation effects; Cholesterol, LDL - chemistry; DNA - chemistry; Emodin - chemistry; Emodin - pharmacology; Emodin - radiation effects; Glioma - metabolism; Glioma cells; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Hypericin; Light; Molecular Docking Simulation; P-glycoprotein; Perylene - analogs & derivatives; Perylene - chemistry; Perylene - pharmacology; Perylene - radiation effects; Selective photo-activation; Serum Albumin - chemistry; P-glycoprotein; Hypericin; Glioma cells; Antraquinones; Selective photo-activation
• ISSN: 0378-5173; 1873-3476
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.042

[Display omitted] By means of fluorescence microscopy the intracellular distribution of fluorescent drugs with different hydrophobicity (quinizarin, emodin and hypericin) was studied. Selective photoactivation of these drugs in precisely defined position (nuclear envelope) allowed moderately hydrophobic emodin enter the nucleus. Highly hydrophobic hypericin was predominantly kept in the membranes with no fluorescence observed in the nucleus. The redistribution of quinizarin, emodin and hypericin between lipids, proteins and DNA was studied in solutions and cells. Based on these results was proposed theoretical model of hydrophobic drugs’ nuclear internalization after photo-activation. Molecular docking models showed that hypericin has the strongest affinity to P-glycoprotein involved in the cell detoxification. Presence of 10μM quinizarin, emodin or hypericin increased P-glycoprotein function in U87 MG cells. Moreover, emodin pretreatment allowed quinizarin nuclear internalization without photo-activation, which was not the case for hypericin. The synergy of such pretreatment and photo-activation should lessen the drug doses with simultaneous increase of drug efficacy triggering cell apoptosis/necrosis.