Determination of urinary trans,trans-muconic acid using molecularly imprinted polymer in microextraction by packed sorbent followed by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection

• Published in: Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences Vol. 1061-1062; pp. 65 - 71
• Main Authors: Soleimani, Esmaeel, Bahrami, Abdulrahman, Afkhami, Abbas, Shahna, Farshid Ghorbani
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.09.2017
• Subjects: benzene; Chromatography, Liquid - methods; detection limit; environmental monitoring; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; High performance liquid chromatography; Humans; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Male; microextraction; Microextraction by packed sorbent; Molecular Imprinting - methods; Molecularly imprinted polymer; polymers; Reproducibility of Results; Solid Phase Microextraction - methods; solvents; sorbents; Sorbic Acid - analogs & derivatives; Sorbic Acid - analysis; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; statistical analysis; trans,trans-Muconic acid; urine; Urine sample; washing; Microextraction by packed sorbent; BEI; Urine sample; trans,trans-Muconic acid; MAA; AIBN,2,2; NIP; MA; MIP; Molecularly imprinted polymer; ACGIH; tt-MA; HA; EGDMA; High performance liquid chromatography; MEPS
• ISSN: 1570-0232; 1873-376X; 1873-376X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.008

•An attractive extraction procedure using molecularly imprinted polymer in microextraction by packed syringe (MIMEPS).•The MIMEPS is simple, fast, non-expensive, and environmental-friendly.•Sample volume, total organic solvent, elution solvent and extraction time reduced, significantly.•Good results were achieved in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy.•The MIMEPS-HPLC-UV was applied to determine tt-MA in urine of smokers. trans,trans-Muconic acid (tt-MA) has been introduced as biological exposure index for workers exposed to benzene. In the present study, for the first time, a novel and easy-to-use analytical method based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) in microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection (MIMEPS-HPLC-UV) was developed to determine tt-MA in urine samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for MIP characterization. The imprinting effect on the MIP was also evaluated. Furthermore, various parameters that affect the MEPS performance were investigated, including extraction cycles, sample volume, as well as the type and volume of washing and elution solvents. The optimised procedure was selective, sensitive, rapid and both user- and environmentally-friendly. A seven-point calibration curve was obtained in the range of 0.015–2μg/mL (R2=0.9986). The extraction recovery was >89.8%. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for tt-MA were 0.015 and 0.05μg/mL, respectively. The within- and between-day precisions, given as percent relative standard deviation, were in the range of 3.4–4.7% and 3.5–6.6%, respectively. Accuracy was −8.4 to −10.2% in urine samples. The developed method is suggested as an alternative to existing conventional SPE methods for biomonitoring of benzene-exposed subjects.