Linear stability of magnetohydrodynamic flow in a perfectly conducting rectangular duct

• Published in: Journal of fluid mechanics Vol. 708; pp. 111 - 127
• Main Authors: Priede, Jānis, Aleksandrova, Svetlana, Molokov, Sergei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 10.10.2012
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Boundary layer; Computational fluid dynamics; Controled nuclear fusion plants; Ducts; Energy; Energy. Thermal use of fuels; Exact sciences and technology; Flows in ducts, channels, nozzles, and conduits; Fluid dynamics; Fluid flow; Fluid mechanics; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications); Instability; Installations for energy generation and conversion: thermal and electrical energy; Magnetic fields; Magnetohydrodynamics and electrohydrodynamics; Physics; Reynolds number; Stability; Vorticity; Walls; boundary layer stability; high-Hartmann-number flows; magnetohydrodynamics; Rectangular pipe; Thermonuclear reactors; MHD flow; Blanket; Digital simulation; Linear stability; Modelling; Liquid metals; Conducting fluid; Collocation method; Nuclear reactor
• ISSN: 0022-1120; 1469-7645
• DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2012.276

We analyse numerically the linear stability of a liquid-metal flow in a rectangular duct with perfectly electrically conducting walls subject to a uniform transverse magnetic field. A non-standard three-dimensional vector stream-function/vorticity formulation is used with a Chebyshev collocation method to solve the eigenvalue problem for small-amplitude perturbations. A relatively weak magnetic field is found to render the flow linearly unstable as two weak jets appear close to the centre of the duct at the Hartmann number $\mathit{Ha}\approx 9. 6. $ In a sufficiently strong magnetic field, the instability following the jets becomes confined in the layers of characteristic thickness $\delta \ensuremath{\sim} {\mathit{Ha}}^{\ensuremath{-} 1/ 2} $ located at the walls parallel to the magnetic field. In this case the instability is determined by $\delta , $ which results in both the critical Reynolds number and wavenumber scaling as ${\ensuremath{\sim} }{\delta }^{\ensuremath{-} 1} . $ Instability modes can have one of the four different symmetry combinations along and across the magnetic field. The most unstable is a pair of modes with an even distribution of vorticity along the magnetic field. These two modes represent strongly non-uniform vortices aligned with the magnetic field, which rotate either in the same or opposite senses across the magnetic field. The former enhance while the latter weaken one another provided that the magnetic field is not too strong or the walls parallel to the field are not too far apart. In a strong magnetic field, when the vortices at the opposite walls are well separated by the core flow, the critical Reynolds number and wavenumber for both of these instability modes are the same: ${\mathit{Re}}_{c} \approx 642{\mathit{Ha}}^{1/ 2} + 8. 9\ensuremath{\times} 1{0}^{3} {\mathit{Ha}}^{\ensuremath{-} 1/ 2} $ and ${k}_{c} \approx 0. 477{\mathit{Ha}}^{1/ 2} . $ The other pair of modes, which differs from the previous one by an odd distribution of vorticity along the magnetic field, is more stable with an approximately four times higher critical Reynolds number.