The role of total neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a survey of specialists attending the All-Ireland Colorectal Cancer Conference 2022 including lead investigators of OPRA, PRODIGE-23 and RAPIDO

• Published in: Irish journal of medical science Vol. 193; no. 3; pp. 1183 - 1190
• Main Authors: O’Brien, Timothy, Hospers, Geke, Conroy, Thierry, Lenz, Heinz-Josef, Smith, Jesse Joshua, Andrews, Emmet, O’Neill, Brian, Leonard, Gregory
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.06.2024
• Subjects: Family Medicine; General Practice; Humans; Internal Medicine; Medical Oncology; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neoadjuvant Therapy - methods; Neoadjuvant Therapy - statistics & numerical data; Original; Original Article; Rectal Neoplasms - pathology; Rectal Neoplasms - therapy; Surveys and Questionnaires; Rectal cancer; Total neoadjuvant therapy
• ISSN: 0021-1265; 1863-4362; 1863-4362
• DOI: 10.1007/s11845-023-03591-4

Background The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has evolved following recent landmark trials of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT)—the delivery of preoperative chemotherapy sequenced with radiation. Aim To assess the preferences of colorectal surgery (CRS), radiation oncology (RO) and medical oncology (MO) specialists attending the All-Ireland Colorectal Cancer Conference (AICCC) 2022 regarding the neoadjuvant management of LARC. Methods A live electronic survey explored the preferred treatment approach and TNT regimen for early-, intermediate-, bad-, and advanced-risk categories of rectal cancer according to the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) guidelines. The survey was preceded by an update from lead investigators of TNT trials (OPRA, PRODIGE-23 and RAPIDO), who then participated in a multidisciplinary panel discussion. Results Ten CRS, 7 RO and 15 MO (32 of 45 specialists) participated fully in the survey resulting in a response rate of 71%. Ninety-four percent, 76% and 53% of specialists preferred a TNT approach for patients with advanced, bad, and intermediate-risk rectal cancer, respectively. A consolidation TNT regimen of long-course chemoradiotherapy followed by chemotherapy was the most preferred regimen. Upfront surgery was preferred by 77% for early-risk disease. Conclusion This survey illustrated the general acceptance of TNT by rectal cancer specialists attending the AICCC as a valuable treatment strategy for higher-risk category LARC. Whilst the treatment of LARC changes, it remains best practice to individualize care, incorporating the selective use of TNT as discussed by an MDT and in keeping with the patient’s goals of care.