Clustering of Physical Activity, Diet and Sedentary Behavior among Youth from Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 18; no. 20; p. 10924
• Main Authors: Mello, Gabrielli Thais de, Lopes, Marcus Vinicius Veber, Minatto, Giseli, Costa, Rafael Martins da, Matias, Thiago Sousa, Guerra, Paulo Henrique, Filho, Valter Cordeiro Barbosa, Silva, Kelly Samara
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 17.10.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Behavior; Beverages; Cluster analysis; Clustering; Diet; Exercise; Fruits; Pediatrics; Physical activity; Population; Review; Screen time; Sedentary behavior; Socioeconomic factors; Teenagers; Vegetables; Brazil
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010924

Background: The interaction between physical activity (PA), diet, and sedentary behavior (SB) plays an important role on health-related outcomes. This scoping review (Prospero CRD42018094826) aims to identify and appraise clusters of PA, diet, and SB among youth (0–19 years) according to country income. Methods: Five databases were searched. Fifty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: Fifty-five cluster types were identified, with greater variety in high-income than lower income countries. The most prevalent profiles were “High SB and consumption of sugar, salt, and beverages (SSB)” (n = 17) and “High PA” (n = 13–5), both of which presented in all income countries. The healthiest profile, “High PA and fruit and vegetables (F&V); Low SB and SSB” (n = 12), was present in upper-middle and high-income countries, while the unhealthiest “Low PA and F High SB and SSB” (n = 6) was present only in high-income countries. Conclusions: High SB and unhealthy diet (SSB) were more prevalent in clusters, mainly in high-income countries. The results support the need for multi-component actions targeting more than one behavior at the same time.