Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Single- and Multiple-Dose Hydrocodone Extended Release in Healthy Subjects

• Published in: Clinical drug investigation Vol. 37; no. 12; pp. 1153 - 1163
• Main Authors: Bond, Mary, Rabinovich-Guilatt, Laura, Selim, Sally, Darwish, Mona, Tracewell, William, Robertson, Philmore, Yang, Ronghua, Malamut, Richard, Colucci, Philippe, Ducharme, Murray P., Spiegelstein, Ofer
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.12.2017; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Alcohol; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid - administration & dosage; Analgesics, Opioid - pharmacokinetics; Area Under Curve; Back pain; Bioavailability; Biological Availability; Clinical medicine; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action Preparations - administration & dosage; Drug dosages; Fasting; FDA approval; Female; Food; Food-Drug Interactions; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Hydrocodone - administration & dosage; Hydrocodone - pharmacokinetics; Internal Medicine; International conferences; Male; Medicine & Public Health; Naltrexone - administration & dosage; Narcotics; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Original Research Article; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacotherapy; Studies; United States > US
• ISSN: 1173-2563; 1179-1918
• DOI: 10.1007/s40261-017-0575-3

Background and objectives Food intake can alter the pharmacokinetics of certain medications, including changes in their oral bioavailability, which is of particular concern for extended-release (ER) opioids because of the high drug loads. Two randomized, open-label studies assessed the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of hydrocodone ER formulated with CIMA ® Abuse-Deterrence Technology. Methods Healthy subjects in fed and fasted states received single 90-mg doses of hydrocodone ER (Studies 1 and 2) or multiple doses of hydrocodone ER (45 mg twice daily on days 2–3, 60 mg twice daily on days 4–5, 90 mg twice daily on days 6–10, and 90 mg once in the morning on day 11) (Study 2). Naltrexone was administered to minimize opioid-related adverse events. Pharmacokinetic parameters included maximum hydrocodone plasma concentration ( C max ) and area under the concentration-versus-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC 0–∞ ) in Study 1 (day 1) and for one dosing interval at steady state (AUC τ,ss ) in Study 2 (day 11). Before conducting the multiple-dose study, single-dose data were fitted with a population pharmacokinetic methodology. Results In total, 40 subjects were randomized to Study 1 and 43 subjects were randomized to Study 2. While overall exposure (AUC 0–∞ ) was relatively similar (least squares mean ratio [90% CI]: 1.11 [1.06–1.16]), results indicated that the single-dose C max was 40% higher under fed versus fasted conditions (least squares mean ratio [90% CI]: 1.40 [1.31–1.51]; Study 1). Modeling of single-dose data predicted that the effect of food would be much less at steady state [predicted fed:fasted C max at steady state ( C max,ss ) and AUC τ,ss ratios of 1.18 and 1.09, respectively]. The multiple-dose study results validated these predicted ratios and indicated that the steady-state 90% CIs were within 0.80–1.25 for the fed:fasted C max,ss (1.14 [1.07–1.21]) and AUC τ,ss (1.11 [1.04–1.17]) parameters, indicating that clinically meaningful food effects at steady state are not expected. Conclusion No evidence of an effect of food was found on the pharmacokinetics of hydrocodone ER after multiple days of twice-daily dosing.