Serum small-dense LDL abnormalities in chronic renal disease patients

• Published in: British journal of biomedical science Vol. 69; no. 3; pp. 99 - 102
• Main Authors: Chu, M., Wang, A. Y. M., Chan, I. H. S., Chui, S. H., Lam, C. W. K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 01.01.2012; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cholesterol; Comorbidity; Disease; Female; Hong Kong - epidemiology; Humans; Kidney diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic - blood; Kidney Failure, Chronic - diagnosis; Kidney Failure, Chronic - epidemiology; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins, LDL - blood; Macau - epidemiology; Male; Metabolic disorders; Middle Aged; Mortality; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Young Adult; Hong Kong; Macau
• ISSN: 0967-4845; 2474-0896
• DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2012.12069133

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Dyslipoproteinaemia is a common metabolic derangement in CKD and a traditional risk factor for CVD. This study investigates serum lipoprotein, especially small-dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL), abnormalities in CKD patients. A total of 131 CKD patients (age: 59±12 years, male=64) diagnosed according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, 2004 (KDIGO) and 121 age-and gender-matched control subjects (age: 58±6 years, male=62) were recruited from Hong Kong and Macau. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and direct LDL-C were assayed enzymatically. In addition, sd-LDL, together with very low density and intermediate-density lipoproteins (VLDL and IDL) were measured by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Compared to controls, CKD patients showed significantly decreased TC, LDL-C, normal-size LDL and HDL-C with increased TG, VLDL, IDL and sd-LDL (all P<0.01). The increased sd-LDL and decreased normal-size LDL fractions resulted in a significantly elevated sd-LDL:LDL ratio in CKD (P<0.005). In contrast to the low TC and LDL-C, sd-LDL and sd-LDL:LDL ratio were significantly elevated in CKD. Thus, sd-LDL will be used increasingly for CVD risk assessment in CKD and other diseases that show lipoprotein derangement.