Source Identification and Quantification of Seepage Water in a Coastal Mine, in China

• Published in: Water (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 9; p. 1862
• Main Authors: Duan, Xueliang, Ma, Fengshan, Guo, Jie, Zhao, Haijun, Gu, Hongyu, Liu, Shuaiqi, Sun, Qihao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2019
• Subjects: Analysis; Aquifers; Brines; Chemical analysis; Coastal aquifers; coastal gold mine; Coastal waters; Engineering geology; Fault lines; Flow channels; Fractures; Fresh water; Gold mines & mining; Gold mines and mining; Groundwater; hydrogeochemical analysis; Hydrogeochemistry; Ion exchange; Maximum likelihood method; Mine drainage; Mine waters; Mixing ratio; mixing ratios; principal component analysis; Principal components analysis; Recharge; Saline water intrusion; Salt water intrusion; Sea-water; Seawater; Seepage; Tectonics; Water; Water analysis; Water flow; Water sampling; Water seepage; China; Bohai Sea
• ISSN: 2073-4441; 2073-4441
• DOI: 10.3390/w11091862

The Sanshandao gold mine, which is the largest coastal mine in China, is under threat from seawater intrusion and water inrush. The objective of this study is to determine the water end-members (seawater, freshwater, and brine) of the seepage water in the mine and quantify the proportion of end-members. Non-conservative ions and ion exchange were identified by using hydrogeochemical analysis. Then, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the end-members of mine water. Three end-members were identified, so a ternary mixture model was applied to compute the mixing ratios. The potential water flow channels and the prevailing supply patterns were inferred by combining the results of mixing ratios with the tectonic and engineering geological conditions. The results indicate that the proportion of seawater in mine water is about 57%, the freshwater is about 16% and the brine is about 27% for the entire mine area, the prevailing supply pattern of seawater was lateral recharge, the water samples which were located in −510 m sublevel or in the northeast of prospecting line 2260 had high proportions of seawater, the freshwater supplied the groundwater mainly through the secondary fractures developed area in a vertical recharge and the influence depth was about −500 m, and F3 was the largest tensile-shear fault in the study area and it was both a watercourse for seawater and fresh water.