Long-Term Oxbow Lake Trophic State under Agricultural Best Management Practices

• Published in: Water (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 8; p. 1123
• Main Authors: Lizotte, Richard E., Yasarer, Lindsey M. W., Bingner, Ronald L., Locke, Martin A., Knight, Scott S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.04.2021
• Subjects: Agricultural industry; Agricultural practices; Agricultural production; Agricultural watersheds; Agriculture; Algae; Aquatic ecosystems; Artificial wetlands; Best management practices; Biomass; Buffers; Chlorophyll; Climate change; Climate effects; Climatic changes; Conservation; Conservation tillage; Eutrophication; Fertilizers; Laboratories; Lakes; Management; Mineral nutrients; Nature conservation; Nitrogen; Nutrient loading; Nutrients; Oxbow lakes; Phosphorus; Pollutants; Ponds; Protection and preservation; Retention basins; row-crop agriculture; Sediments (Geology); Shoreline protection; Soil conservation; Sorghum; Summer; Surface water; Trends; vegetated buffers; Visibility; Water; Water quality; Watershed management; wetlands; United States > US
• ISSN: 2073-4441; 2073-4441
• DOI: 10.3390/w13081123

A key principle of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) is to improve water quality by reducing agricultural-sourced nutrients and associated eutrophication. Long-term (1998–2016) lake summer trophic state index (TSI) trends of an agricultural watershed with agricultural best management practices (BMPs) were assessed. Structural BMPs included vegetative buffers, conservation tillage, conservation reserve, a constructed wetland, and a sediment retention pond. TSI included Secchi visibility (SD), chlorophyll a (Chl), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN). Summer TSI 1977 was >80 in 1998–1999 (hypertrophic) and decreased over the first 10 years to TSI 1977 ≈ 75 (eutrophic). TSI 1977 decrease and changing TSI deviations coincided with vegetative buffers, conservation tillage, and conservation reserve. The TSI(SD) decrease (>90 to <70) coincided with vegetative buffers and TSI(TP) decrease (>90 to <75) coincided primarily with conservation tillage and the sediment retention pond. TSI(Chl) increase (<60 to >70) coincided with conservation tillage and vegetative buffer. Results indicate watershed-wide BMPs can modestly decrease summer trophic state through increased water transparency and decreased TP, but these changes are off-set by increases in chlorophyll a to reach a new stable state within a decade. Future research should assess algal nutrient thresholds, internal nutrient loading, and climate change effects.