Ultrasound enhanced methanol penetration of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos measured by permittivity changes using impedance spectroscopy

• Published in: European biophysics journal Vol. 37; no. 6; pp. 1039 - 1044
• Main Authors: Wang, Robert Y., Guan, Mo, Rawson, David M., Zhang, Tiantian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.07.2008; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Biochemistry; Biological and Medical Physics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biophysics; Biophysics Letter; Cell Biology; Cell Membrane Permeability - drug effects; Cell Membrane Permeability - physiology; Change detection; Cryopreservation; Cryopreservation - methods; Cryoprotectants; Cryoprotective Agents - administration & dosage; Cryoprotectors; Danio rerio; Electroporation - methods; Embryo, Nonmammalian - drug effects; Embryo, Nonmammalian - physiology; Embryos; Fish; Frequency ranges; Impedance; Impedance spectroscopy; Life Sciences; Membrane Biology; Membrane permeability; Methanol; Methanol - administration & dosage; Methanol - pharmacokinetics; Nanotechnology; Neurobiology; Penetration; Permittivity; Plethysmography, Impedance - methods; Sonication; Spectroscopic analysis; Spectroscopy; Spectrum analysis; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasonic processing; Ultrasonic testing; Ultrasound; Zebrafish; Zebrafish - embryology; Zebrafish; Impedance spectroscopy; embryos; Ultrasound; Permittivity change; Methanol
• ISSN: 0175-7571; 1432-1017
• DOI: 10.1007/s00249-007-0229-0

Studies on permittivity changes in fish embryos measured by impedance spectroscopy after ultrasound treatment during exposure to cryoprotectant is reported here for the first time. The permittivity changes of zebrafish embryos in cryoprotectant solutions before and after ultrasound treatment were measured using impedance spectroscopy. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) embryos at 50% epiboly stage were exposed to 2 M methanol for 25 min before ultrasound treatment for 5 min at 22°C. Embryos were treated with ultrasound in different frequencies (24 and 48 kHz) and voltages (50, 100, 150 and 175 V) combinations. The results showed a clear increasing trend of permittivity from voltage 50 to 175 V over lower impedance frequency range of 10–10 3  Hz indicating increased methanol penetration into the embryos after ultrasound treatment. The embryo survival was not compromised after ultrasound treatment under conditions used in the present study. The use of impedance spectroscopy technique provides a useful none-invasive tool for detecting changes of cryoprotectant penetration in fish embryos after ultrasound treatment. The technique is especially useful for the selection of the suitable cryoprotectants in embryo cryopreservation and may also allow quantitative measurements in embryo membrane permeability studies.