Updates on global epidemiology, risk and prognostic factors of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is defined as the primary epithelial malignancy derived from the stomach, and it is a complicated and heterogeneous disease with multiple risk factors. Despite its overall declining trend of incidence and mortality in various countries over the past few decades, GC remains the fi...

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Published inWorld journal of gastroenterology : WJG Vol. 29; no. 16; pp. 2452 - 2468
Main Authors Yang, Wen-Juan, Zhao, He-Ping, Yu, Yan, Wang, Ji-Han, Guo, Lei, Liu, Jun-Ye, Pu, Jie, Lv, Jing
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 28.04.2023
Subjects
Humans
Incidence
Prognosis
Review
Risk Factors
Stomach Neoplasms - diagnosis
Stomach Neoplasms - epidemiology
Stomach Neoplasms - therapy
Treatment Outcome
Prognosis
Treatment
Epidemiology
Gastric cancer
Immunotherapy
Risk factors
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Summary:Gastric cancer (GC) is defined as the primary epithelial malignancy derived from the stomach, and it is a complicated and heterogeneous disease with multiple risk factors. Despite its overall declining trend of incidence and mortality in various countries over the past few decades, GC remains the fifth most common malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Although the global burden of GC has shown a significant downward trend, it remains severe in certain areas, such as Asia. GC ranks third in incidence and mortality among all cancer types in China, and it accounts for nearly 44.0% and 48.6% of new GC cases and GC-related deaths in the world, respectively. The regional differences in GC incidence and mortality are obvious, and annual new cases and deaths are increasing rapidly in some developing regions. Therefore, early preventive and screening strategies for GC are urgently needed. The clinical efficacies of conventional treatments for GC are limited, and the developing understanding of GC pathogenesis has increased the demand for new therapeutic regimens, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cell immunotherapy and cancer vaccines. The present review describes the epidemiology of GC worldwide, especially in China, summarizes its risk and prognostic factors, and focuses on novel immunotherapies to develop therapeutic strategies for the management of GC patients.
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Corresponding author: Jing Lv, MD, Doctor, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 555 Youyi Dong Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China. lvjing-1219@163.com
Author contributions: Yang WJ and Lv J searched and reviewed published articles, and wrote the manuscript; Yang WJ, Zhao HP, Yu Y, Wang JH, Guo L, Liu JY, Pu J and Lv J critically reviewed and revised the manuscript; Yang WJ and Lv J made substantial contributions to the conception and design of this study; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by the Xi'an Municipal Health Commission of China, No. 2022qn07; the Xi'an Municipal Health Commission of China, No. 2020ms14; and the Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 2019JQ-978.
ISSN:1007-9327
2219-2840
2219-2840
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v29.i16.2452