Osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells on eggshells‐derived hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for tissue engineering

• Published in: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials Vol. 108; no. 5; pp. 1953 - 1960
• Main Authors: Patel, Dinesh K., Jin, Bin, Dutta, Sayan Deb, Lim, Ki‐Taek
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.07.2020; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Biocompatibility; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Bone biomaterials; Calcium; Calcium oxide; Chemical analysis; Crystal structure; Crystallinity; Cytotoxicity; eggshells; Fluorescence; Fluorescence spectroscopy; Fourier transforms; Heat treatment; Heat treatments; human mesenchymal stem cells; Hydroxyapatite; Hydroxyl groups; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Infrared spectroscopy; Lime; Mass spectroscopy; Materials research; Materials science; Mesenchymal stem cells; Morphology; Nanoparticles; nano‐hydroxyapatite; Osteogenesis; Scanning electron microscopy; Sonication; Spectrum analysis; Stem cells; Synthesis; Tissue engineering; Toxicity; X-ray diffraction; nano-hydroxyapatite; eggshells; tissue engineering; human mesenchymal stem cells
• ISSN: 1552-4973; 1552-4981
• DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34536

Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from biowaste eggshells through sonication followed by the heat treatment. Calcium oxide as a precursor moiety for the synthesis of HAp was obtained through the heat treatment of eggshells at 900°C for 3 hr. The prepared HAp was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The appearance of the FTIR absorption peaks in between at 516–1031 and 3,636 cm−1 shows phosphate and hydroxyl groups in prepared HAp, respectively. The XRD‐patterns indicate the formation of HAp started within 5 min of sonication. The SEM morphologies suggested that the synthesized HAp was highly crystalline and compact. We tested the elemental analysis of the synthesized HAp through X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. The higher Ca/P ratio has observed in heat‐treated HAp. These results show that heat treatment facilitates the formation of highly crystalline and compact HAp. Cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were also evaluated in the presence of HAp. No significant cytotoxicity was noted in the presence of HAp, suggested their biocompatibility. Enhanced osteogenesis of hMSCs occurred with HAp powder, confirming the feasibility in the treatment of osteogenesis. Thus, synthesized HAp has the potential to use a biomaterial in tissue engineering applications for bone tissues.