Acalypha Wilkesiana ‘Java White’: Identification of Some Bioactive Compounds by Gc-Ms and Their Effects on Key Enzymes Linked to Type 2 Diabete

• Published in: Acta pharmaceutica (Zagreb, Croatia) Vol. 68; no. 4; pp. 425 - 439
• Main Authors: Oyebode, Olajumoke A., Erukainure, Ochuko L., Koorbanally, Neil A., Islam, Md. Shahidul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Croatia Sciendo 01.12.2018; De Gruyter Poland
• Subjects: Acalypha; Acalypha wilkesiana; Acetic acid; Alcohols; Amylases; Bark; Bioactive compounds; Biological activity; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Enzymes; Esters; Ethanol; ethanolic extract; Ethyl acetate; Glucosidase; Inhibition; Ketones; Leaves; Lipase; Metabolites; Phytol; Plant extracts; Secondary metabolites; Sterols; type 2 diabetes; Vitamin E; α-Amylase; α-Glucosidase; ethanolic extract; α-glucosidase; type 2 diabetes; α-amylase; Acalypha wilkesiana; lipase
• ISSN: 1846-9558; 1330-0075; 1846-9558
• DOI: 10.2478/acph-2018-0037

In this study, we identified bioactive compounds from the ethanolic extracts of the leaves, stem bark and root bark of Acalypha wilkesiana through GC-MS analysis and investigated the effects of these extracts on some of the enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes. Plant parts were extracted sequentially with ethyl acetate, ethanol and water. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of long-chain alkyl acids, esters, ketones and alcohols including phytol and phytol acetate along with some secondary metabolites such as xanthone, vitamin E and various types of sterols including stigmasterol, campesterol and sitosterol. Ethanolic extracts of all the parts showed a dose- -dependent inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity. The extracts also demonstrated anti-lipase activity. The ethanolic extract of root bark showed the highest inhibition of enzymes compared to other extracts. The EC values (concentrations for 50 % inhibition) of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and lipase inhibition were 35.75 ± 1.95, 6.25 ± 1.05 and 101.33 ± 5.21 μg mL , resp. The study suggests that A. wilkesiana ethanolic extracts have the ability to inhibit the activity of enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm the responsible bioactive compounds in this regard.