Agent-based and graphical modelling of building occupancy

• Published in: Journal of building performance simulation Vol. 5; no. 1; pp. 5 - 25
• Main Authors: Liao, Chenda, Lin, Yashen, Barooah, Prabir
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Abingdon Taylor & Francis 01.01.2012; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: agent-based model; Algorithms; building energy performance; building occupancy; Commercial buildings; Computer programs; Computer simulation; Correlation; Dynamics; Economic models; graphical model; Mathematical models; occupancy model; Position (location); Random variables; Software; States; Studies
• ISSN: 1940-1493; 1940-1507
• DOI: 10.1080/19401493.2010.531143

We propose a novel stochastic agent-based model of occupancy dynamics in a building with an arbitrary number of zones and occupants. Simulation of the model yields time-series of the location of each agent (a software representation of an occupant). The model is meant to provide realistic simulation of occupancy dynamics in non-emergency situations. Comparison of the model's prediction of distributions of random variables such as first arrival time of a building is provided against those estimated from measurements in commercial buildings. We also propose a lower complexity graphical model of occupancy evolution in multi-zone buildings. The graphical model captures information on mean occupancy and correlation among occupancy at various zones in the building. The agent-based model can be used in conjunction with building performance simulation tools, while the graphical model is more suitable for real-time applications, such as occupancy estimation with noisy sensor measurements.