Noise source models for fricative consonants

• Published in: IEEE transactions on speech and audio processing Vol. 8; no. 3; pp. 328 - 344
• Main Authors: Narayanan, S., Alwan, A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.05.2000; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Subjects: Acoustic noise; Acoustic propagation; Acoustic wave propagation; Acoustics; Aeroacoustics; Applied sciences; Artificial intelligence; Computational efficiency; Computer science; control theory; systems; Computer simulation; Exact sciences and technology; Geometry; Information, signal and communications theory; Magnetic analysis; Magnetic noise; Magnetic resonance; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mathematical models; Position measurement; Signal processing; Sound generation; Spectra; Speech; Speech analysis; Speech and sound recognition and synthesis. Linguistics; Speech processing; Speech synthesis; Telecommunications and information theory; Voice; Vocal tract; Waveform; Data analysis; Acoustic signal; Data acquisition; Spectral model; Turbulence noise; Speech synthesis; Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; Spectral data; Consonant; Experimental result; Noise source; Signal spectrum; Linear filter; Numerical simulation; Hybrid model; Transfer function; Acoustic image; Aeroacoustics; Speech processing
• ISSN: 1063-6676
• DOI: 10.1109/89.841215

Hybrid source models for fricative consonants are derived based on aeroacoustic principles of sound generation employing vocal tract area functions obtained from magnetic resonance imaging data of voiced and unvoiced English fricatives. Results based on data from a male and a female subject indicate that a linear source-filter model is fairly adequate for capturing essential spectral characteristics of sustained voiced and unvoiced strident fricatives below 10 kHz. The hybrid source models employ a combination of acoustic monopole and distributed dipole sources, and a voice source in the case of the voiced fricatives. The number of sources, source locations, and spectral characteristics and the relative source levels are chosen based on an analysis-by-synthesis approach and are motivated by aeroacoustic theory of speech production. The resulting model is computationally efficient and can be readily used for synthesis.