Hollow-Fiber Liquid-Phase Micro-Extraction Method for the Simultaneous Derivatization, Extraction, and Pre-concentration of Organotin Compounds from Packed Fruit Juices

• Published in: Food analytical methods Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 63 - 70
• Main Authors: González-Domínguez, Raúl, Sayago, Ana, Santos-Martín, María, Fernández-Recamales, Ángeles
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.01.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: agitation; Agrochemicals; Analytical Chemistry; Beverages; Butyltin; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Chemistry/Food Science; derivatization; Endocrine disruptors; Food packaging; food safety; Food Science; Fruit juices; Fruits; Fungicides; hexane; Hexanes; Juices; Liquid phases; liquid-phase microextraction; manufacturing; markets; Microbiology; Optimization; Organotin compounds; Packaging; Pesticides; poly(vinyl chloride); Polymers; Polypropylene; polypropylenes; Polyvinyl chloride; solvents; temperature; Tin; Organotin compounds; Butyltin; Food packaging; Hollow-fiber liquid-phase micro-extraction; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Fruit juice
• ISSN: 1936-9751; 1936-976X
• DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02393-1

Organotin compounds are widely employed as pesticides and fungicides in agriculture and as stabilizers for the industrial manufacture of polyvinyl chloride and other polymers. Accordingly, these endocrine disruptors can be found in a variety of foods and beverages. In the present study, we describe the optimization of a hollow-fiber liquid-phase micro-extraction approach for the simultaneous derivatization, extraction, and pre-concentration of butyltin species from commercial fruit juices with the aim of investigating their migration from the packaging. The best extraction efficiencies were achieved by using hexane as the acceptor solvent and a polypropylene fiber length of 2 cm, whereas the agitation speed, extraction temperature, and total extraction time were set at 1100 rpm, 25 ºC, and 10 min, respectively. Using these optimal conditions, the method was satisfactorily validated in terms of linearity (5–1000 µg L −1 ), limits of detection (0.8–1.8 µg L −1 ), recovery (80.5–92.1%), intraday precision (10.2–13.1%), inter-day precision (11.0–15.5%), matrix effect (83.2–91.8%), accuracy (85.2–95.2%), specificity, and carryover. The application of this technique to commercial samples obtained from a local market demonstrated that levels of organotin species in packed fruit juices are negligible, in agreement with the limits established by the European Food Safety Authority (0.14 mg of total organotin compounds per kg of food).