Wide Distribution of Foxicin Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Streptomyces Strains - An Unusual Secondary Metabolite with Various Properties
Tü6028 is known to produce the polyketide antibiotic polyketomycin. The deletion of the oxygenase gene led to a non-polyketomycin-producing mutant. Instead, novel compounds were produced by the mutant, which have not been detected before in the wild type strain. Four different compounds were identif...
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Published in | Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 8; p. 221 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
21.02.2017
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Tü6028 is known to produce the polyketide antibiotic polyketomycin. The deletion of the
oxygenase gene led to a non-polyketomycin-producing mutant. Instead, novel compounds were produced by the mutant, which have not been detected before in the wild type strain. Four different compounds were identified and named foxicins A-D. Foxicin A was isolated and its structure was elucidated as an unusual nitrogen-containing quinone derivative using various spectroscopic methods. Through genome mining, the foxicin biosynthetic gene cluster was identified in the draft genome sequence of
. The cluster spans 57 kb and encodes three PKS type I modules, one NRPS module and 41 additional enzymes. A
gene-inactivated mutant of
Tü6028 Δ
is unable to produce foxicins. Homologous
biosynthetic gene clusters were found in more than 20 additional
strains, overall in about 2.6% of all sequenced
genomes. However, the production of foxicin-like compounds in these strains has never been described indicating that the clusters are expressed at a very low level or are silent under fermentation conditions. Foxicin A acts as a siderophore through interacting with ferric ions. Furthermore, it is a weak inhibitor of the
aerobic respiratory chain and shows moderate antibiotic activity. The wide distribution of the cluster and the various properties of the compound indicate a major role of foxicins in
strains. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Edited by: Marina G. Kalyuzhanaya, San Diego State University, USA Reviewed by: Joachim Wink, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Germany; Courtney Stairs, Uppsala University, Sweden This article was submitted to Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology |
ISSN: | 1664-302X 1664-302X |
DOI: | 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00221 |