Effects of increased physical activity and/or weight loss diet on serum myokine and adipokine levels in overweight adults with impaired glucose metabolism

• Published in: Journal of diabetes and its complications Vol. 35; no. 5; p. 107892
• Main Authors: Tok, Özlem, Kişioğlu, Savaş Volkan, Ersöz, Halil Önder, Kahveci, Bahittin, Göktaş, Zeynep
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.05.2021; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adipokines; Adipokines - blood; Adult; Antihypertensives; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Cytokines - blood; Diabetes; Diet; Diet, Reducing; Disease prevention; Epidemiology; Exercise; Fibroblast Growth Factors - blood; Fibronectins - blood; Follistatin-Related Proteins - blood; Glucose; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin resistance; Intervention; Metabolism; Myokines; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase - blood; Obesity; Overweight; Overweight - complications; Overweight - therapy; Physical activity; Physical fitness; Population; Proteins; Questionnaires; Recall; Type 2 diabetes; Weight Loss; Turkey; Type 2 diabetes; Myokines; Insulin resistance; Physical activity; Diet; Adipokines
• ISSN: 1056-8727; 1873-460X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107892

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in serum irisin, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), visfatin, follistatin like protein-1 (FSTL1), and meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) levels in response to increased physical activity and/or diet interventions in overweight subjects with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM). A total of 60 subjects (BMI > 25.0 kg/m2) with IGM were recruited in this single-centered interventional study. Twelve subjects dropped out during the study and the study was completed with 48 patients. Patients were divided into two groups as diet only (DI, n = 24) and diet and physical activity intervention (DPA, n = 24). Patients in DI group received a diet program while DPA group received a diet combined with a physical activity intervention for 12 weeks. Additional 24 healthy subjects were recruited to compare the baseline levels of proteins. Serum protein levels, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical parameters were assessed. Irisin, FGF21, visfatin, and FSTL1 levels significantly decreased in both groups after 12-week intervention (p < 0.001). However, there were no differences in protein levels between DI and DPA groups (p > 0.05). Likewise, the total change in weight was similar in both DI (−4.35 kg) and DPA (−4.85 kg) groups (p > 0.05). A 5% reduction in initial body weight with DPA therapy resulted in a stronger correlation between the changes in irisin, visfatin, and FSTL1 levels and fasting glucose and HbA1c levels. These results demonstrate that serum irisin, FGF21, visfatin, and FSTL1 levels decreased in response to weight loss interventions. Weight loss induced by DI or DPA therapies had similar lowering effects on these proteins in subjects with IGM, and these myokines might be related to glucose metabolism biomarkers. •Adipose and muscle tissue-derived cytokines have promising effects on the process of prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.•This study indicates that serum irisin, FGF21, FSTL1, and visfatin levels change in response to physical activity and/or diet-induced weight loss.•These results demonstrate that serum irisin, FGF21, visfatin, and FSTL1 levels decreased in response to weight loss interventions.•Energy-restricted diet intervention alone (DI) or along with physical activity therapy (DPA) have similar lowering effects on these protein levels.•Irisin, visfatin, and FSTL1 were correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels in DPA group when weight loss exceeded 5% of initial weight.