Traditional Male Role Norms, Social Support, and Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Male Polish Police Officers

• Published in: Journal of police and criminal psychology Vol. 37; no. 2; pp. 392 - 406
• Main Authors: Sitko-Dominik, Magdalena Maja, Jakubowski, Tomasz Daniel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.06.2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Behavior; Behavioral Science and Psychology; Criminology and Criminal Justice; Gender differences; Law and Psychology; Males; Masculinity; Mental depression; Mental health; Occupational stress; Police; Post traumatic stress disorder; Psychology; Servicemen; Social relations; Social status; Social support; Suicides & suicide attempts; Tenure; Traumatic life events; Women; Poland; Male role norms; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Social support
• ISSN: 0882-0783; 1936-6469
• DOI: 10.1007/s11896-021-09438-x

Police officers’ work involves the exposition to traumatogenic stimuli. The aim of the research is to investigate potential associations between post-traumatic stress disorder and the traditional masculinity norms and social support. Three questionnaires were used: the Impact of Event Scale-Revised adapted by Juczyński and Ogińska-Bulik ( 2009 ), the Social Relations Scale (Skarżyńska 2002 ), and the Male Role Norms Scale translated by the authors of this paper. The sample comprised 111 male active service members of the Polish Police. The analysis shows statistically significant, mildly negative associations between post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology variables and social relations/support (− .312 to − .386), and mild-to-moderate positive associations between the traditional male role norms and post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology variables (.361–.506). The intergroup differences between the police officers that probably meet the PTSD criteria and those that do not meet the criteria were mainly observed in complying with the traditional masculinity norms, in which the police officers with probable post-traumatic stress disorder had higher results than those without it; the reverse was observed in the case of social relations/support. Traditional masculinity norms, length of service, number of types of traumatic events, social relations/support, and age have proved to be significant independent predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder ( β  = − .38– β  = .49). However, in the multivariate regression, only social status norms, age, social relations/support, and number of types of traumatic events proved to be significant predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder ( β  = − 26 to .40), accounting for 45% of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms.