Impedance Response Analysis of Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers for Determination of the Electrochemically Active Catalyst Surface Area

• Published in: Chemistry methods Vol. 4; no. 3
• Main Authors: Watzele, Sebastian A., Kluge, Regina M., Maljusch, Artjom, Borowski, Patrick, Bandarenka, Aliaksandr S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.03.2024
• Subjects: Adsorption; anion exchange membrane electrolyzer; electrochemically active surface area; Electrodes; Electrolytes; equivalent electrical circuit; Hydrogen; impedance analysis; in-situ; Natural gas prices; Precious metals; Spectrum analysis
• ISSN: 2628-9725; 2628-9725
• DOI: 10.1002/cmtd.202300035

Polymer membrane electrolyzers benefit from high‐pressure operation conditions and low gas cross‐over and can either conduct protons (H+) or hydroxide ions (OH−). Both types of electrolyzers have a similar design, but differ in power density and the choice of catalysts. Despite the significant endeavor of their optimization, to date, there is no well‐established impedance model for detailed analysis for either type of these devices. This complicates the in‐situ characterization of electrolyzers, hindering the investigation of degradation mechanisms and electrocatalytic processes as a function of applied current density or time. Nevertheless, a detailed understanding of such individual processes and distinguishing the performance‐limiting factors are the keystones for sophisticated device optimization. In this work, an impedance model based on electrode processes has been developed for an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer utilizing iridium oxide anode and platinum cathode electrocatalysts. This model allows to deconvolute the measured impedances into constituents related to the individual electrode processes and to estimate actual physico‐chemical quantities such as the reaction kinetic parameters and double‐layer capacitances. We discuss the meaning of the fitting parameters and show that this model enables, for the first time, the estimation of the electrochemically active surface area of the anode electrocatalysts under reaction conditions. We present an equivalent electrical circuit to analyze the impedance response of anion exchange membrane electrolyzers. It is based on the reaction kinetics at anode and cathode and enables analysis of critical parameters such as double layer capacitances, cell resistance and allows assessment of the electrochemically active surface area of the anode.