Mortality and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with COVID-19 and Diabetes

• Published in: Medical sciences (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 4; p. 65
• Main Authors: Kantroo, Viny, Kanwar, Manjit S, Goyal, Piyush, Rosha, Deepak, Modi, Nikhil, Bansal, Avdhesh, Ansari, Athar Parvez, Wangnoo, Subhash Kumar, Sobti, Sanjay, Kansal, Sudha, Chawla, Rajesh, Jasuja, Sanjiv, Gupta, Ishan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 26.10.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Age; Asthma; Cancer; Cardiovascular disease; chronic kidney disease; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Clinical outcomes; Comorbidity; coronary artery disease; Coronary Artery Disease - complications; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - mortality; Diabetes; diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus - mortality; Diabetes Mellitus - virology; Gender; Hospitals; Humans; Hypertension; Infections; Medical records; Mortality; mortality rate; Neoplasms - complications; Regression analysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications; Retrospective Studies; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Stroke; Ventilators; India; COVID-19; coronary artery disease; chronic kidney disease; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; mortality rate
• ISSN: 2076-3271; 2076-3271
• DOI: 10.3390/medsci9040065

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a decisive risk factor for severe illness in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). India is home to a large number of people with DM, and many of them were infected with COVID-19. It is critical to understand the impact of DM on mortality and other clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection from this region. The primary objective of our study was to analyze the mortality rate in people with DM infected with COVID-19. The secondary objectives were to assess the effect of various comorbidities on mortality and study the impact of DM on other clinical outcomes. This is a retrospective study of COVID-19 infected patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in north India in the early phase of the pandemic. Of the 1211 cases admitted, 19 were excluded because of incomplete data, and 1192 cases were finally considered for analysis. DM constituted 26.8% of total patients. The overall mortality rate was 6.1%, and the rate was 10.7% in the presence of diabetes ( < 0.01, OR 2.55). In univariate analysis, increased age, chronic kidney disease (CKD), coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, and cancer were associated with mortality. On multiple logistic regression, the independent predictors of mortality were CAD, CKD, and cancer. Breathlessness and low SpO at presentation, extensive involvement in CXR, and elevated ANC/ALC ratio were also significantly associated with mortality. The presence of comorbidities such as DM, hypertension, CAD, CKD, and cancer strongly predict the risk of mortality in COVID-19 infection. Early triaging and aggressive therapy of patients with these comorbidities can optimize clinical outcomes.