Synergy of lipopolysaccharide and resiquimod on type I interferon, pro-inflammatory cytokine, Th1 and Th2 response in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Published in: Molecular immunology Vol. 64; no. 1; pp. 177 - 182
• Main Authors: Ramakrishnan, Saravanan, Annamalai, Arunsaravanakumar, Sachan, Swati, Kumar, Anand, Sharma, Bal Krishan, Govindaraj, Elaiyaraja, Chellappa, Madhan Mohan, Dey, Sohini, Krishnaswamy, Narayanan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2015
• Subjects: Adjuvant; Animals; Chicken PBMCs; Chickens - genetics; Chickens - immunology; Cross-talk; Cytokine; Cytokines - blood; Cytokines - genetics; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Imidazoles - pharmacology; Immunity - drug effects; Immunity - genetics; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism; Interferon Type I - blood; Lipopolysaccharide; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology; Nitric oxide; Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis; Resiquimod; RNA, Messenger - genetics; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; Synergism; Th1 Cells - drug effects; Th1 Cells - immunology; Th2 Cells - drug effects; Th2 Cells - immunology; Toll-like receptor; Nitric oxide; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; Resiquimod; Cytokine; Cross-talk; Lipopolysaccharide; Adjuvant; Chicken PBMCs; Synergism; Toll-like receptor
• ISSN: 0161-5890; 1872-9142
• DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.11.013

•Lipopolysaccharide and resiquimod induced a synergistic response in chicken PBMCs.•LPS and R-848 synergistically up-regulated Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines.•The synergistic effect of LPS and R-848 was also observed in the expression of IL-1β and IFN-β.•The same combination did not show synergism in iNOS transcript and NO production. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize conserved molecular structures of invading pathogens and initiate an immune response to curtail the infection prior to the development of more powerful and specific adaptive immunity. Understanding the interactions between different TLRs in terms of immune response genes is a pre-requisite for using various TLR agonists alone or in combination as adjuvants or as stand-alone agents against various diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and resiquimod (R-848) are TLR agonists that are recognized by TLR4 and TLR7, respectively. In this study, the effect of LPS and/or R-848 on chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated. LPS and R-848 synergistically up-regulated the transcripts of interferon-β (IFN-β), IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-1β as compared to the individual response (P<0.05). The results indicate that these agonists synergistically interact and enhance type-I IFN, pro-inflammatory cytokine as well as Th1 and Th2 responses in chicken PBMCs, suggesting their potential as an adjuvant candidate to be used in combination with various poultry vaccines.