Staphylococcus aureus vaccine strategy: Promise and challenges

• Published in: Microbiological research Vol. 271; p. 127362
• Main Authors: Chand, Umesh, Priyambada, Pragnya, Kushawaha, Pramod Kumar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Elsevier GmbH 01.06.2023
• Subjects: antibiotic resistance; Clinical trials; health services; Humans; Humoral and cellular immune responses; immunization; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies; multiple drug resistance; Passive immunization; public health; Staphylococcal Infections - prevention & control; Staphylococcal Vaccines; Staphylococcus aureus; subunit vaccines; Vaccine; Vaccine Development; Monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies; Clinical trials; Vaccine; Humoral and cellular immune responses; Passive immunization; Staphylococcus aureus
• ISSN: 0944-5013; 1618-0623; 1618-0623
• DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127362

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a leading and crucial infectious threat to global public health due to the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains such as Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). MRSA infects immunocompromised patients and healthy individuals and has rapidly spread from the healthcare setting to the outside community. The development of flawless vaccines become a medical need worldwide against multi-drug resistant S. aureus. Therefore, protection by an immune-based strategy may provide valuable measures to contain the spread of invasive S. aureus infections. Several vaccine candidates have been prepared which are either in the preclinical phase or in the early clinical phase, whereas several candidates have failed to show a protective efficacy in human subjects. Currently, research is focusing on identifying novel vaccine formulations able to elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses. Several approaches have also been made to the development of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies for passive immunization to protect against S. aureus infections. In recent years, a multi-epitope vaccine has emerged as a novel platform for subunit vaccine design by using computational approaches. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized and discussed the mechanistic overview of different strategies used to develop potential vaccine candidates and passive interventions which are in different stages of clinical trials to fight multi-drug resistant S. aureus infections. •Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a global threat in hospitals and communities.•Extracellular vesicles may be used as potential vaccine candidates and delivery system for desired antigens.•Recombinant vaccine consisting of multi-antigens may be a promising approach against S. aureus infections.•Potential monoclonal antibodies alone or in combination can be used for the treatment and prevention of S. aureus infections.•Nucleic acid vaccines (DNA/RNA) may be a golden hope with secure and effective vaccination against S. aureus infections.