HLA-B13, B35 and B39 Alleles Are Closely Associated With the Lack of Response to ART in HIV Infection: A Cohort Study in a Population of Northern Brazil

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology Vol. 13; p. 829126
• Main Authors: Pereira, Leonn Mendes Soares, França, Eliane Dos Santos, Costa, Iran Barros, Jorge, Erika Vanessa Oliveira, Mattos, Patrícia Jeanne de Souza Mendonça, Freire, Amaury Bentes Cunha, Ramos, Francisco Lúzio de Paula, Monteiro, Talita Antonia Furtado, Macedo, Olinda, Sousa, Rita Catarina Medeiros, Dos Santos, Eduardo José Melo, Freitas, Felipe Bonfim, Costa, Igor Brasil, Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 16.03.2022
• Subjects: Alleles; B13; Brazil; Cohort Studies; HIV; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - genetics; HLA; HLA Antigens - genetics; HLA-B Antigens - genetics; Humans; immunogenetics; Immunology; therapeutic response; Brazil; immunogenetics; B13; HIV; HLA; therapeutic response
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829126

Immune reconstitution failure after HIV treatment is a multifactorial phenomenon that may also be associated with a single polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen (HLA); however, few reports include patients from the Brazilian Amazon. Our objective was to evaluate the association of the immunogenic profile of the "classical" HLA-I and HLA-II loci with treatment nonresponse in a regional cohort monitored over 24 months since HIV diagnosis. Treatment-free participants from reference centers in the state of Pará, Brazil, were enrolled. Infection screening was performed using enzyme immunoassays (Murex AG/AB Combination DiaSorin, UK) and confirmed by immunoblots (Bio-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ). Plasma viral load was quantified by real-time PCR (ABBOTT, Chicago, Illinois, USA). CD4 /CD8 T lymphocyte quantification was performed by immunophenotyping and flow cytometry (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). Infection was monitored test and logistics platforms (SISCEL and SICLOM). Therapeutic response failure was inferred based on CD4 T lymphocyte quantification after 1 year of therapy. Loci A, B and DRB1 were genotyped using PCR-SSO (One Lambda Inc., Canoga Park, CA, USA). Statistical tests were applied using GENEPOP, GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 and BioEstat 5.3. Of the 270 patients monitored, 134 responded to treatment (CD4 ≥ 500 cells/µL), and 136 did not respond to treatment (CD4 < 500 cells/µL). The allele frequencies of the loci were similar to heterogeneous populations. The allelic profile of locus B was statistically associated with treatment nonresponse, and the B*13, B*35 and B*39 alleles had the greatest probabilistic influence. The B*13 allele had the highest risk of treatment nonresponse, and carriers of the allele had a detectable viral load and a CD4+ T lymphocyte count less than 400 cells/µL with up to 2 years of therapy. The B*13 allele was associated with a switch in treatment regimens, preferably to efavirenz (EFZ)-based regimens, and among those who switched regimens, half had a history of coinfection with tuberculosis. The allelic variants of the B locus are more associated with non-response to therapy in people living with HIV (PLHIV) from a heterogeneous population in the Brazilian Amazon.