An automated toolchain for the data-driven and dynamical modeling of combined sewer systems

• Published in: Water research (Oxford) Vol. 126; pp. 88 - 100
• Main Authors: Troutman, Sara C., Schambach, Nathaniel, Love, Nancy G., Kerkez, Branko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2017
• Subjects: affordability; automation; Calibration; climate; Combined sewer; combined sewer systems; data collection; Data-driven modeling; Hydrology - methods; learning; Models, Theoretical; municipal wastewater; normal distribution; Rain; runoff; Sensor networks; sensors (equipment); Sewage; Smart water systems; spatial variation; stormwater sewer systems; uncertainty; Waste Management - methods; Waste Water; Weather; Data-driven modeling; Combined sewer; Sensor networks; Smart water systems
• ISSN: 0043-1354; 1879-2448; 1879-2448
• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.08.065

The recent availability and affordability of sensors and wireless communications is poised to transform our understanding and management of water systems. This will enable a new generation of adaptive water models that can ingest large quantities of sensor feeds and provide the best possible estimates of current and future conditions. To that end, this paper presents a novel data-driven identification/learning toolchain for combined sewer and stormwater systems. The toolchain uses Gaussian Processes to model dry-weather flows (domestic wastewater) and dynamical System Identification to represent wet-weather flows (rainfall runoff). By using a large and high-resolution sensor dataset across a real-world combined sewer system, we illustrate that relatively simple models can achieve good forecasting performance, subject to a finely-tuned and continuous re-calibration procedure. The data requirements of the proposed toolchain are evaluated, showing sensitivity to spatial heterogeneity and unique time-scales across which models of individual sites remain representative. We identify a near-optimal time record, or data “age,” for which historical measurements must be available to ensure good forecasting performance. We also show that more data do not always lead to a better model due to system uncertainty, such as shifts in climate or seasonal wastewater patterns. Furthermore, the individual components of the model (wet- and dry-weather) often require different volumes of historical observations for optimal forecasting performance, thus highlighting the need for a flexible re-calibration toolchain rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. •A data-driven toolchain to forecast wet and dry ows in combined sewer systems.•Characterization of system uncertainty given the changing nature of water systems.•Discussion of how often models need to be re-calibrated to react the water system.