Topography and morphology of the Eira barbara diaphragm

• Published in: BMC zoology Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 23 - 7
• Main Authors: Silva, Aryane Maximina Melo, Silva, Rogério Pereira, Rodrigues, Rogério Antônio Ribeiro, Giese, Elane Guerreiro, Lima, Ana Rita, Branco, Érika
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central 30.08.2024; BMC
• Subjects: Abdomen; Animals; Conformation; Connective tissue; Diaphragm; Diaphragm (Anatomy); Diaphragmatic histology; Eira barbara; Irara; Morphology; Musculoskeletal system; Mustelids; Thorax; Topography; Urbanization; Vertebrae; Thorax; Diaphragmatic histology; Diaphragm; Irara; Mustelids
• ISSN: 2056-3132; 2056-3132
• DOI: 10.1186/s40850-024-00212-0

The diaphragm, the main muscle involved in respiration and one of those responsible for maintaining life, is still little explored in terms of its morphology in wild animals. There are few studies on the anatomy of Eira barbara, a carnivorous mustelid that is a victim of the urbanization process. In order to contribute to the conservation of the species, we described the topography and morphology of the diaphragm, which may be involved in injuries caused by the impacts of human activities. We studied five specimens of Eira barbara, whose diaphragmatic muscle had a dorsal insertion on the 14th thoracic vertebra, laterally between the 8th and 13th intercostal space (EIC) and ventrally on the 8th EIC, with attachment to the xiphoid process. Consisting of three muscle regions (lumbar, costal and sternal), the diaphragm in Eira barbara showed radially arranged bundles, with the right costal muscle being slimmer than the left; the left pillar wider than the right and between them were the aortic and esophageal hiatuses. The Y-shaped tendinous center housed the foramen of the vena cava bordering the right costal region. In the most dorsal portion of the diaphragm, between the costal regions and the diaphragmatic pillar, we found two triangular-shaped regions devoid of muscle. Our findings, when compared with the current literature, indicate that the location and positioning of the diaphragm are independent of the physical conformation of the species, and that the right costal region, as well as the triangular areas devoid of musculature, may be fragile points for herniation in cases of Eira barbara being run over.