Early childhood caries and associated determinants: a cross-sectional study on Italian preschool children

• Published in: Journal of public health dentistry Vol. 74; no. 2; pp. 147 - 152
• Main Authors: Congiu, Giovanna, Campus, Guglielmo, Sale, Silvana, Spano, Giovanni, Cagetti, Maria Grazia, Lugliè, Pietrina Francesca
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2014; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: background factors; Child, Preschool; Confidence intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental caries; Dental Caries - epidemiology; Dentistry; early childhood caries; Female; Humans; Italy - epidemiology; Male; Preschool children; Prevalence; public health; Socioeconomic factors; socioeconomic status; Italy; dental caries; background factors; socioeconomic status; early childhood caries; public health
• ISSN: 0022-4006; 1752-7325
• DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12038

Objectives This study evaluates the influence of several determinants on the presence of early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool children living in northern Sardinia, Italy. These determinants include the educational level and occupational status of the parents as a proxy for the socioeconomical level (SES) and behavioral factors (dietary and oral hygiene). Methods An observational cross‐sectional study was designed with a dental examination and a standardized questionnaire. Five hundred forty‐four subjects (260 girls and 284 boys) were enrolled and categorized into two age groups: 359 children were aged 18‐47 months and 185 children were aged 48‐60 months. Results The total caries prevalence was 15.99%. Caries risk increased with lower parents' educational level (P = 0.01), increased number of siblings (P < 0.01), the use of bottle feeding (P = 0.02), and the use of a sweetened baby's pacifier at night (P = 0.01). In robust multivariate analysis, a high parental educational level played a protective role on the presence of caries lesion [odds ratio (OR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34‐0.78]; the mother's being employed had a positive statistically significant association with the child having decayed, missing, filled tooth surfaces = 0 (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.23‐0.97). The presence of more than one sibling in the family was associated with caries (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.20‐2.40). Conclusion ECC prevalence evaluated was similar to other western countries, and SES and behavioral habits influence the development of ECC.