Is the conservative management of chronic retention in men ever justified?

• Published in: BJU international Vol. 92; no. 6; pp. 581 - 583
• Main Authors: Bates, T.S., Sugiono, M., James, E.D., Stott, M.A., Pocock, R.D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Science Ltd 01.10.2003; Blackwell
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biological and medical sciences; BPH; Chronic Disease; conservative management; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; LUTS; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Nephrology. Urinary tract diseases; postvoid residuals; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Hyperplasia - complications; Prostatic Hyperplasia - therapy; Prostatic Neoplasms - therapy; Transurethral Resection of Prostate - methods; Treatment Outcome; Tumors of the urinary system; Urinary Retention - physiopathology; Urinary Retention - therapy; Urinary tract. Prostate gland; Urination - physiology; Urine; Human; Urinary system disease; Prostate disease; Adenoma; Urinary retention; LUTS; Voiding dysfunction; Chronic; Treatment; conservative management; Benign neoplasm; BPH; postvoid residuals; Male genital diseases; Prostate
• ISSN: 1464-4096; 1464-410X
• DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410X.2003.04444.x

OBJECTIVE To assess the outcome of men presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with large postvoid residual urine volumes (PVR). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included men presenting with LUTS and a PVR of > 250 mL who, because of significant comorbidity, a low symptom score or patient request, were managed conservatively and prospectively, and were followed with symptom assessment, serum creatinine levels, flow rates and renal ultrasonography. Patients were actively managed if there was a history of previous outflow tract surgery, prostate cancer, urethral strictures, neuropathy, elevated creatinine or hydronephrosis. In all, 93 men (mean age 70 years, range 40–84) with a median (range) PVR of 363 mL (250–700) were included in the study and followed for 5 (3–10) years. At presentation, the median maximum flow rate was 10.2 (3–30) mL/s and the voided volume 316 (89–714) mL. RESULTS The measured PVR remained stable in 47 (51%), reduced in 27 (29%) and increased in 19 (20%) patients; 31 patients (33%) went on to transurethral resection of the prostate after a median of 30 (10–120) months, because of serum creatinine elevation (two), acute retention (seven), increasing PVR (eight) and worsening symptoms (14). Of 31 patients 25 were available for evaluation after surgery; their median PVR was 159 (0–1000) mL, flow rate 18.4 (4–37) mL/s and voided volume 321 (90–653) mL. Symptoms were improved in all but five men. There was no difference in initial flow rate, voided volume or PVR between those who developed complications or went on to surgery and those who did not. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occurred in five patients and two developed bladder stones. CONCLUSIONS Complications such as renal failure, acute retention and UTIs are uncommon in men with large, chronic PVRs. Conservative management for this group of patients is reasonable but outpatient review is prudent. There were no factors that could be used to predict those patients who eventually required surgery.