Citizens in the Making: The Inclusion of Racialized Subjects in Labour Market Projects in Sweden

• Published in: Scandinavian political studies Vol. 40; no. 2; pp. 228 - 246
• Main Authors: Dahlstedt, Magnus, Vesterberg, Viktor
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.06.2017
• Subjects: Citizens; Citizenship; Civil rights; Community; Cultural values; employability; Ethnicity; exclusion; inclusion; Labor market; Labor migration; labour market; Membership; Migrants; Migration; Racialization; unemployment; Sweden
• ISSN: 0080-6757; 1467-9477; 1467-9477
• DOI: 10.1111/1467-9477.12084

This article analyzes the formation of citizenship in today's multi‐ethnic Sweden in light of the inclusion of ‘people with foreign background’. Particular focus is put on how ethnicity and migration renders visible existing citizenship ideals, defined in terms of similarity and difference on the basis of ethno‐cultural background. The formation of citizenship is analyzed in the case of labour market projects targeting racialized migrants. The point of departure is an understanding of citizenship as an ongoing process of citizen formation, highlighting the formation of citizens as rights‐bearing subjects, belonging to the societal community – in contrast to those not bearing these rights and not belonging to the societal community. The analysis illustrates how norms of Swedish‐ness condition the membership in the Swedish societal community, forming a particular kind of racialized citizenship, including certain subjects, under certain conditions, while excluding others. One conclusion is that in addition to the formal dimensions of citizenship, the ability and willingness to adapt to norms of Swedish‐ness is essential for accessing and using social rights – that is, for becoming employable and included on the labour market. In the projects analyzed, racialized migrants have the duty of becoming employable by embracing certain values – the good, working citizen, the free, independent individual, able to make choices – all constituted as being part of an ideal Swedish citizenship.