Effect of fungal indoor air pollutant 1-octen-3-ol on levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide as well as dehydrogenases activities in drosophila melanogaster males

• Published in: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A Vol. 85; no. 14; pp. 573 - 585
• Main Authors: Macedo, Giulianna Echeverria, Vieira, Patrícia de Brum, Rodrigues, Nathane Rosa, Gomes, Karen Kich, Rodrigues, Jéssica Ferreira, Franco, Jeferson Luis, Posser, Thaís
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 18.07.2022; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: 1-octen-3-ol; Air Pollutants; Air pollution; Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Caspase-3; Dehydrogenases; Drosophila melanogaster; Exposure; Fruit flies; Fungi; Genomes; Glutathione; Glutathione transferase; Indoor air pollution; Indoor air quality; Indoor environments; Insects; Male; Males; Mitochondria; mold; Nitric Oxide; Octanols; Odors; Organic compounds; Oxidants; Oxidizing agents; Oxidoreductases; Oxygen; Pollutants; Public health; Reactive Oxygen Species; risk assessment; Signs and symptoms; Superoxide dismutase; toxicity; VOCs; Volatile organic compounds; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis; Volatile Organic Compounds - toxicity; 1-octen-3-ol; toxicity; risk assessment; mold; volatile organic compounds; Drosophila melanogaster
• ISSN: 1528-7394; 1087-2620; 2381-3504
• DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2054887

Fungal pollution of indoor environments contributes to several allergic symptoms and represents a public health problem. It is well-established that 1-octen-3-ol, also known as mushroom alcohol, is a fungal volatile organic compound (VOC) commonly found in damp indoor spaces and responsible for the typical musty odor. Previously it was reported that exposure to 1-octen-3-ol induced inflammations and disrupted mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetic rate in Drosophila melanogaster. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of 1-octen-3-ol on dehydrogenase activity, apoptotic biomarkers, levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as antioxidant enzymes activities. D. melanogaster flies were exposed to an atmosphere containing 1-octen-3-ol (2.5 or ∞l/L) for 24 hr. Data demonstrated that 1-octen-3-ol decreased dehydrogenases activity and NO levels but increased ROS levels accompanied by stimulation of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities without altering caspase 3/7 activation. These findings indicate that adverse mitochondrial activity effects following exposure of D. melanogaster to 1-octen-3-ol, a fungal VOC, may be attributed to oxidant stress. The underlying mechanisms involved in adverse consequences of indoor fungal exposure appear to be related to necrotic but not apoptotic mechanisms. The adverse consequences were sex-dependent with males displaying higher sensitivity to 1-octen-3-ol. Based upon on the fact that the fly genome shares nearly 75% of disease-related genes to human exposure to this fungus may explain the adverse human responses to mold especially for males.