Exosomes in metastasis of colorectal cancers: Friends or foes?

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common type of cancer worldwide, threaten human health and quality of life. With multidisciplinary, including surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, patients with an early diagnosis of CRC can have a good prognosis. However, metastasis in CRC patients is t...

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Published inWorld journal of gastrointestinal oncology Vol. 15; no. 5; pp. 731 - 756
Main Authors Wu, Zheng, Fang, Ze-Xuan, Hou, Yan-Yu, Wu, Bing-Xuan, Deng, Yu, Wu, Hua-Tao, Liu, Jing
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published China Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 15.05.2023
Subjects
Review
miRNA
Biomarker
Metastasis
Exosome
Colorectal cancer
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Summary:Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common type of cancer worldwide, threaten human health and quality of life. With multidisciplinary, including surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, patients with an early diagnosis of CRC can have a good prognosis. However, metastasis in CRC patients is the main risk factor causing cancer-related death. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC metastasis is the difficult and research focus on the investigation of the CRC mechanism. On the other hand, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been confirmed as having an essential role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of malignancies, including CRCs. Among the different factors in the TME, exosomes as extracellular vesicles, function as bridges in the communication between cancer cells and different components of the TME to promote the progression and metastasis of CRC. MicroRNAs packaged in exosomes can be derived from different sources and transported into the TME to perform oncogenic or tumor-suppressor roles accordingly. This article focuses on CRC exosomes and illustrates their role in regulating the metastasis of CRC, especially through the packaging of miRNAs, to evoke exosomes as novel biomarkers for their impact on the metastasis of CRC progression.
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Corresponding author: Jing Liu, MD, PhD, Academic Research, Associate Professor, Research Scientist, Senior Scientist, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China. jliu12@stu.edu.cn
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82273457; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. 2021A1515012180 and 2016A030312008; Special Grant for Key Area Programs of Guangdong Department of Education, No. 2021ZDZX2040; and Science and Technology Special Project of Guangdong Province, No. 210715216902829.
Author contributions: Wu Z contributed to this work; Fang ZX, Hou YY, Wu BX and Deng Y participated in the writing of the manuscript; Wu HT and Liu J reviewed the manuscript and contacted the journals; All authors have read and approve the final manuscript.
ISSN:1948-5204
1948-5204
DOI:10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.731