Live recombinant Newcastle disease virus vectored vaccine expressing the haemagglutinin of H9N2 avian influenza virus suppresses viral replication in chickens

• Published in: Avian pathology Vol. 52; no. 2; pp. 100 - 107
• Main Authors: Lee, Jiho, Cho, Andrew Y., Kim, Deok-Hwan, Lee, Joong-Bok, Park, Seung-Yong, Choi, In-soo, Lee, Sang-Won, Song, Chang-Seon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 01.04.2023; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies; Antibodies, Viral; Avian flu; Chickens; Commercialization; Disease control; Drinking water; drinking water vaccination; Egg production; H9N2; HA protein; Hemagglutination inhibition; Hemagglutinins; Immunization; Infections; Influenza; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype; Influenza in Birds; Influenza Vaccines; Labour; LPAIV; Methods; NDV vectored vaccine; Newcastle Disease; Newcastle disease virus; Pathogens; Protection; Recombinants; Serum; spray vaccination; Vaccination; Vaccines; Viral replication; Viral Vaccines; Virus Replication; Viruses; Y280-lineage; drinking water vaccination; spray vaccination; H9N2; Y280-lineage; LPAIV; NDV vectored vaccine
• ISSN: 0307-9457; 1465-3338
• DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2148516

In 2020, the Y280-lineage H9N2 low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) was introduced into South Korea for the first time. Current vaccines are focused on the control of Y439-like viruses; however, there are continuous reports of decrease in egg production and secondary infections caused by Y280-lineage H9N2 LPAI infection in chickens. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective novel vaccines against Y280-lineage H9N2 LPAI. Most commercialized avian influenza vaccines are oil-adjuvanted inactivated vaccines, which are labour-intensive to administer and require higher dosage. In this study, rK148/Y280-HA, a novel recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectored vaccine against Y280-lineage H9N2 LPAI, was developed and evaluated using two mass-applicable administration methods, spray vaccination and drinking water vaccination. Regardless of low serum antibody haemagglutination inhibition titres against NDV and Y280-lineage H9N2 LPAI after applying the rK148/Y280-HA vaccine, vaccination with either administration method protected chickens against virulent NDV and Y280-lineage H9N2 LPAIV after the challenge. Taken together, these results indicate that the rK148/Y280 vaccine can be administered using facile mass-application methods to provide protection against the Y280-lineage LPAI. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS NDV vectored vaccine harbouring Y280-lineage H9N2 HA protein was successfully generated. NDV vectored vaccine provides protection against NDV. NDV vectored vaccine with H9N2 HA protects against homologous H9N2 LPAIV.