Agricultural Drought Detection with MODIS Based Vegetation Health Indices in Southeast Germany

• Published in: Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 19; p. 3907
• Main Authors: Kloos, Simon, Yuan, Ye, Castelli, Mariapina, Menzel, Annette
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.10.2021
• Subjects: Agricultural drought; Agricultural land; Agricultural production; Agriculture; altitude; Anomalies; Central European region; Climate change; Correlation analysis; Drought; Drought index; Germany; Grasslands; Growing season; Land cover; Land surface temperature; LST; NDVI; normalized difference vegetation index; Normalized difference vegetative index; Precipitation; Remote sensing; Soil moisture; soil water; summer; surface temperature; TCI; VCI; Vegetation; Vegetation growth; VHI; Water shortages; Iberian Peninsula; Alps; Bavaria Germany; Eastern Europe; Europe; Central Europe; Germany; Central European region
• ISSN: 2072-4292; 2072-4292
• DOI: 10.3390/rs13193907

Droughts during the growing season are projected to increase in frequency and severity in Central Europe in the future. Thus, area-wide monitoring of agricultural drought in this region is becoming more and more important. In this context, it is essential to know where and when vegetation growth is primarily water-limited and whether remote sensing-based drought indices can detect agricultural drought in these areas. To answer these questions, we conducted a correlation analysis between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) within the growing season from 2001 to 2020 in Bavaria (Germany) and investigated the relationship with land cover and altitude. In the second step, we applied the drought indices Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) to primarily water-limited areas and evaluated them with soil moisture and agricultural yield anomalies. We found that, especially in the summer months (July and August), on agricultural land and grassland and below 800 m, NDVI and LST are negatively correlated and thus, water is the primary limiting factor for vegetation growth here. Within these areas and periods, the TCI and VHI correlate strongly with soil moisture and agricultural yield anomalies, suggesting that both indices have the potential to detect agricultural drought in Bavaria.