Cell transplantation therapies for spinal cord injury focusing on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: Advances and challenges

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with complex pathological mechanisms that lead to sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction below the site of injury. To date, no effective therapy is available for the treatment of SCI. Recently, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs)...

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Published inWorld journal of stem cells Vol. 15; no. 5; pp. 385 - 399
Main Authors Huang, Li-Yi, Sun, Xin, Pan, Hong-Xia, Wang, Lu, He, Cheng-Qi, Wei, Quan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 26.05.2023
Subjects
Review
Neuroprotection
Axon
Inhibitory microenvironment
Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells
Spinal cord injury
Myelin
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Summary:Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with complex pathological mechanisms that lead to sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction below the site of injury. To date, no effective therapy is available for the treatment of SCI. Recently, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have been considered to be the most promising source for cellular therapies following SCI. The objective of the present review is to summarize the most recent insights into the cellular and molecular mechanism using BMMSC therapy to treat SCI. In this work, we review the specific mechanism of BMMSCs in SCI repair mainly from the following aspects: Neuroprotection, axon sprouting and/or regeneration, myelin regeneration, inhibitory microenvironments, glial scar formation, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis. Additionally, we summarize the latest evidence on the application of BMMSCs in clinical trials and further discuss the challenges and future directions for stem cell therapy in SCI models.
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Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, No. 2020YFC2008502.
Corresponding author: Quan Wei, MD, PhD, Professor, Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan Province, China. weiquan@scu.edu.cn
Author contributions: Huang LY, Sun X and Pan HX contributed equally to this work; Wei Q and He CQ designed the ideas and framework; Huang LY, Sun X and Pan HX wrote the manuscript; Wei Q revised the manuscript; and all authors have read and approve the final manuscript.
ISSN:1948-0210
1948-0210
DOI:10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.385