Systematic influenza screening in cardiac intensive care units during the influenza season: A prospective study in Spain

• Published in: International journal of infectious diseases Vol. 136; pp. 37 - 42
• Main Authors: Galar, Alicia, Juárez, Miriam, Sousa-Casasnovas, Iago, Catalán, Pilar, Valerio, Maricela, Antunez-Muiños, Pablo, Barbeito-Castiñeiras, Gema, Blanco-Alonso, Silvia, Folgueira, María Dolores, García-Acuña, José María, Lalueza, Antonio, Lázaro-Perona, Fernando, López de Sá, Esteban, Martín, Lorena, Muñez, Elena, Portero, Francisca, Ramos-Martínez, Antonio, Romero-Gómez, María Pilar, Rosillo, Sandra, Fernández-Avilés, Francisco, Martínez-Sellés, Manuel, Bouza, Emilio, Muñoz, Patricia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2023; Elsevier
• Subjects: Acute cardiac events; Influenza; Systematic screening; Acute cardiac events; Influenza; Systematic screening
• ISSN: 1201-9712; 1878-3511
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.027

•About 5% of admissions to the cardiac intensive care unit during the influenza season have influenza.•Influenza was not clinically suspected in a third of cases.•Influenza is associated with more severe conditions and heart failure.•Influenza is associated with the need for mechanical ventilation.•Almost 50% of patients with an indication for vaccination were not vaccinated. Little is known about the incidence of influenza among admissions to the cardiac intensive care unit (C-ICU), accuracy of clinical suspicion, and influenza vaccination uptake. We evaluated the incidence of influenza at C-ICU admission during the influenza season, potential underdiagnosis, and vaccination uptake. Prospective study at five C-ICUs during the 2017-2020 influenza seasons. A nasopharyngeal swab was collected at admission from patients who consented (n = 788). Testing was with Xpert®XpressFlu/RSV. Influenza was detected in 43 patients (5.5%) (40 FluA; 3 FluB) and clinically suspected in 27 (62.8%). Compared to patients without influenza, patients with influenza more frequently had heart failure (37.2% vs 22.8%, P = 0.031), previous contact with relatives with influenza-like illnesses (23.3% vs 12.5%, P = 0.042), antimicrobial use (67.4% vs 23.2%, P <0.01), and need for mechanical ventilation (25.6% vs 14.5%, P = 0.048). Patients received oseltamivir promptly. We found no differences in mortality (11.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.076). Patients with influenza more frequently had myocarditis (9.3% vs 0.9%, P <0.01) and pericarditis (7.0% vs 0.8%, P = 0.01). Overall, 43.0% of patients (339/788) were vaccinated (51.9% of those with a clear indication [303/584]). Influenza seems to be a frequently underdiagnosed underlying condition in admissions to the C-ICU. Influenza should be screened for at C-ICU admission during influenza epidemics.