Diurnal variations of tropical cyclone outer region size growth

• Published in: Atmospheric science letters Vol. 24; no. 12
• Main Authors: Hong, Jiacheng, Wu, Qiaoyan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.12.2023; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Aircraft; Atmospheric sciences; Basins; Brightness temperature; Convective clouds; Cyclones; Datasets; deep convection; Diurnal cycle; diurnal variation; Diurnal variations; Growth rate; Hurricanes; size growth; Statistical analysis; Surface radiation temperature; tropical cyclone; Tropical cyclones; Wind; Winds; United States > US; Atlantic Ocean
• ISSN: 1530-261X; 1530-261X
• DOI: 10.1002/asl.1183

Various aspects of tropical cyclones (TCs) fluctuate with the diurnal cycle. TC size is critical to the extent of its damage, but diurnal variations in the growth of the outer region size have largely remained unexplored. This paper examines the diurnal variations in the growth of the radius of gale‐force winds (34 kt; R34) by analyzing best‐track data from 2001 to 2019 for both North Atlantic TCs and global TCs outside of the North Atlantic region. Statistically significant diurnal variations was found for R34 growth, with the maximum 6‐h growth rate occurring at 2100–0300 local solar time (LST) for North Atlantic TCs, and at 0300–0900 LST for global TCs excluding the North Atlantic which experienced rapid intensification (≥30 knots within 24 h). The higher R34 6‐h growth rates during the night were linked to a larger extent of very deep convective clouds with infrared brightness temperatures <208 K during this time. This study examines the diurnal variations in the growth of the outer region size in tropical cyclones by analyzing best‐track data. Our findings indicate that the radius of 34‐kt winds tends to expand faster during nighttime than daytime. This behavior is associated with a higher coverage of very deep convective clouds characterized by infrared brightness temperatures below 208 K during nighttime.