Revealing anti-inflammatory mechanisms of soy isoflavones by flow: modulation of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions

• Published in: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology Vol. 289; no. 2; pp. H908 - H915
• Main Authors: Chacko, Balu K, Chandler, Robert T, Mundhekar, Ameya, Khoo, Nicholas, Pruitt, Heather M, Kucik, Dennis F, Parks, Dale A, Kevil, Christopher G, Barnes, Stephen, Patel, Rakesh P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.08.2005
• Subjects: Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Aorta; Cell Adhesion - drug effects; Cell Adhesion Molecules - metabolism; Cell Communication - drug effects; Cells, Cultured; Endothelial Cells - physiology; Genistein - pharmacology; Glycine max - chemistry; Humans; Isoflavones - pharmacology; Leukocytes - physiology; Monocytes - physiology; Phosphorylation; PPAR gamma - physiology; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Receptors, Estrogen - metabolism; Stress, Mechanical; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - pharmacology; Tyrosine - metabolism
• ISSN: 0363-6135; 1522-1539
• DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00781.2004

Departments of 1 Pathology, 2 Pharmacology, and 3 Anesthesiology, 4 Purdue-University of Alabama at Birmingham Botanical Center for Age-Related Disease, and 5 Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and 6 Research Service, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and 7 Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana Submitted 2 August 2004 ; accepted in final form 28 March 2005 The antiatherogenic effects of soy isoflavone consumption have been demonstrated in a variety of studies. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly defined. Adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells is a key step within the inflammatory cascade that leads to atherogenesis. Many factors, including the physical forces associated with blood flow, regulate this process. Using an in vitro flow assay, we report that genistein, a principal component of most isoflavone preparations, inhibits monocyte adhesion to cytokine (TNF- )-stimulated human vascular endothelial cells at physiologically relevant concentrations (0–1 µM). This effect is absolutely dependent on flow and is not observed under static conditions. Furthermore, this inhibition was dependent on activation of endothelial peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor- . No significant role for other reported properties of genistein, including antioxidant effects, inhibition of tyrosine kinases, or activation of estrogen receptors, was observed. Furthermore, the antiadhesive effects of genistein did not occur via modulation of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, or platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1. These data reveal a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism for isoflavones and identify the physical forces associated with blood flow and a critical mediator of this function. inflammation; genistein; peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor- ; atherosclerosis; monocytes Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: R. P. Patel, Dept. of Pathology, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th St. South, BMR-2, Rm. 307, Birmingham, AL 35294 (E-mail: patel{at}path.uab.edu )