Delving into Human Factors through LSTM by Navigating Environmental Complexity Factors within Use Case Points for Digital Enterprises

• Published in: Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 381 - 395
• Main Authors: Rankovic, Nevena, Rankovic, Dragica
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Curicó MDPI AG 01.02.2024
• Subjects: Accuracy; Algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Case studies; Complexity; Customers; Data augmentation; Datasets; Deep learning; digital enterprises; Electronic commerce; environmental complexity factors; Factor analysis; Fuzzy logic; Human factors; Machine learning; Neural networks; Optimization; post-agnostic models; Project management; recurrent neural networks (RNNs); Research methodology; Software; Software development; use case points (UCPs); Variables
• ISSN: 0718-1876; 0718-1876
• DOI: 10.3390/jtaer19010020

Meeting customer requirements in software project management, even for large digital enterprises, proves challenging due to unpredictable human factors. It involves meticulous planning and environmental factor analysis, ultimately benefiting both companies and customers. This paper came as a natural extension of our previous work where we left ourselves curious about what impact environmental complexity factors (ECFs) have in a use case point (UCP) approach. Additionally, we wanted to possibly decrease the mean magnitude relative error (MMRE) with deep learning models such as long-short-term-memory (LSTM) and gradient recurrent unit (GRU). The data augmentation technique was used to artificially increase the number of projects, since in the industry world, digital enterprises are not keen to share their data. The LSTM model outperformed the GRU and XGBoost models, while the average MMRE in all phases of the experiment for all models achieved 4.8%. Moreover, the post-agnostic models showed the overall and individual impact of eight ECFs, where the third ECF “team experience” on a new project has been shown as the most influential one. Finally, it is important to emphasize that effectively managing human factors within ECFs in UCPs can have a significant impact on the successful completion of a project.