Three-dimensional dipole momentum analog based on L-shape metasurface

• Published in: Applied physics letters Vol. 122; no. 14
• Main Authors: Li, Tianyou, Chen, Yanjie, Wang, Yongtian, Zentgraf, Thomas, Huang, Lingling
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Melville American Institute of Physics 03.04.2023
• Subjects: Antenna arrays; Antennas; Applied physics; Circular polarization; Dipole moments; Metasurfaces; Phase control; Snells law; Wave fronts
• ISSN: 0003-6951; 1077-3118
• DOI: 10.1063/5.0142389

The achievement of a flat metasurface has realized extraordinary control over light–matter interaction at the nanoscale, enabling widespread use in imaging, holography, and biophotonics. However, three-dimensional metasurfaces with the potential to provide additional light–matter manipulation flexibility attract only little interest. Here, we demonstrate a three-dimensional metasurface scheme capable of providing dual phase control through out-of-plane plasmonic resonance of L-shape antennas. Under circularly polarized excitation at a specific wavelength, the L-shape antennas with rotating orientation angle act as spatially variant three-dimensional tilted dipoles and are able to generate desire phase delay for different polarization components. Generalized Snell's law is achieved for both in-plane and out-of-plane dipole components through arranging such L-shape antennas into arrays. These three-dimensional metasurfaces suggest a route for wavefront modulation and a variety of nanophotonic applications.