Development and psychometric validation of the gum health experience questionnaire

• Published in: Journal of clinical periodontology Vol. 51; no. 1; pp. 33 - 42
• Main Authors: Broomhead, T., Gibson, B. J., Parkinson, C., Robinson, P. G., Vettore, M. V., Baker, S. R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.01.2024
• Subjects: Cross-Sectional Studies; Gingival Diseases; gingivitis; gum health; Humans; Oral hygiene; periodontitis; person‐reported outcome measure; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Quantitative psychology; Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Validity; gum health; gingivitis; quality of life; periodontitis; person-reported outcome measure
• ISSN: 0303-6979; 1600-051X
• DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13878

Aim To develop and validate a new health‐related quality of life measure to capture a wide range of gum‐related impacts. Materials and Methods The measure was developed using a multi‐stage approach and a theoretical model. Development involved semi‐structured interviews, pilot testing, cross‐sectional analysis among a general population (n = 152) to assess psychometric properties and test–retest reliability among a subsample (n = 27). Results Psychometric analysis supports the validity and reliability of the measure's impact scale. The measure has excellent internal reliability (nearly all item‐total correlations above .4; Cronbach's alpha between .84 and .91 for subscales), with test–retest reliability also performing well (Intra‐class correlation coefficient [ICC] of .91–.97 for subscales). Good content validity (indicated by large standard deviations for item and total scores) and construct validity (correlations of .54–.73 with global gum health rating for subscales, all p < .05) were also observed. Qualitative and quantitative data indicate that people with gum health‐related symptoms experience different degrees of discomfort and impacts caused by their condition. Conclusions The gum health experience questionnaire holds substantial promise as a measure of gum‐related quality of life in people across the gum health–disease continuum. Further face validity, refining and reducing the number of items and longitudinal studies to test evaluative properties are required before the measure can be used with confidence.