Association between measured or calculated small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein in subjects with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus

• Published in: Journal of clinical laboratory analysis Vol. 37; no. 1; pp. e24807 - n/a
• Main Authors: Kim, Hyun‐Ki, Hong, Jinyoung, Ahn, Sunyoung, Lee, Woochang, Chun, Sail, Min, Won‐Ki
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.01.2023
• Subjects: Age; atherogenesis; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Body mass index; Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes; diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Glucose; Hemoglobin; High density lipoprotein; Humans; Laboratories; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Low density lipoprotein; Male; Medical screening; Metabolic disorders; Oxidation; oxidized low‐density lipoprotein; Regression analysis; Risk Factors; small dense low‐density lipoprotein; Triglycerides; United States > US; Japan; atherogenesis; diabetes mellitus; oxidized low-density lipoprotein; low-density lipoprotein; small dense low-density lipoprotein
• ISSN: 0887-8013; 1098-2825; 1098-2825
• DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24807

Background Small dense low‐density lipoprotein (sdLDL) possesses atherogenic potential and is predicted to be susceptible to atherogenic modifications, which further increases its atherogenicity. However, studies on the association between measured or estimated sdLDL cholesterol (sdLDL‐C) levels and atherogenic modification in diverse population groups are lacking. Methods Surplus serum samples were collected from male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) under treatment (n = 300) and without DM (non‐DM; n = 150). sdLDL and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels were measured using the Lipoprint LDL subfractions kit (Quantimetrix Corporation) and the Mercodia oxidized LDL competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit (Mercodia), respectively. The estimated sdLDL‐Cs were calculated from two relevant equations. The effects of sdLDL‐C on oxLDL were assessed using multiple linear regression (MLR) models. Results The mean (±SD) of measured sdLDL‐C and oxLDL concentrations were 11.8 ± 10.0 mg/dl and 53.4 ± 14.2 U/L in the non‐DM group and 0.20 ± 0.81 mg/dl and 46.0 ± 15.3 U/L in the DM group, respectively. The effects of measured sdLDL‐Cs were significant (p = 0.031), whereas those of estimated sdLDL‐Cs were not (p = 0.060, p = 0.116) in the non‐DM group in the MLR models. The effects of sdLDL‐Cs in the DM group were not significant. Conclusion In the general population, high level of sdLDL‐C appeared to be associated with high level of oxLDL. The equation for estimating sdLDL‐C developed from a general population should be applied with caution to a special population, such as patients with DM on treatment. Measured small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL‐C) was associated with oxidized LDL (oxLDL) level independent of LDL‐C in general subjects (A). However, measured or estimated sdLDL‐Cs were not independently associated with oxLDL level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in treatment (B).