Oncogenic effects of exosomes in γ‐herpesvirus‐associated neoplasms

• Published in: Journal of cellular physiology Vol. 234; no. 11; pp. 19167 - 19179
• Main Authors: Zheng, Jiayu, Shi, Yiwan, Feng, Zhenyu, Zheng, Yilu, Li, Zhanhao, Zhao, Yi, Wang, Yan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.11.2019
• Subjects: Biomolecules; Carcinogenesis - genetics; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - genetics; Diagnostic systems; EBV; Epstein-Barr virus; exosome; Exosomes; Exosomes - genetics; Exosomes - virology; Herpes viruses; Herpesvirus 4, Human - genetics; Herpesvirus 4, Human - pathogenicity; Herpesvirus 8, Human - genetics; Herpesvirus 8, Human - pathogenicity; Humans; Kaposi's sarcoma; KSHV; Neoplasms; Neoplasms - genetics; Neoplasms - pathology; Neoplasms - virology; Sarcoma; Signal processing; Therapeutic applications; Tumorigenesis; Viruses; EBV; neoplasms; KSHV; exosome
• ISSN: 0021-9541; 1097-4652
• DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28573

Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are herpesviruses associated with human malignancies. As exosomes can shuttle many herpesvirus‐associated biomolecules from host cells to recipient cells, the exosomal pathway is utilized by herpesviruses to achieve extensive infections and even oncogenesis. In this review, we discuss the oncogenic biomolecules present in exosomes derived from KSHV‐ and EBV‐infected cells. Moreover, oncogenesis via exosomal biomolecules mainly occurs through three processes, including regulation of downstream signals, promotion of immune dysfunction and transformation of cells. Also, the exosomes may provide diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets specific for KSHV‐ and EBV‐associated malignancies. Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV)‐ and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated exosomes manipulate the extracellular environment leading to neoplasm progression. Regulation of downstream signals, promotion of immune dysfunction and transformation of cells are three major bioeffects of KSHV‐ and EBV‐associated exosomes.