Microbial fuel cell is emerging as a versatile technology: a review on its possible applications, challenges and strategies to improve the performances

• Published in: International journal of energy research Vol. 42; no. 2; pp. 369 - 394
• Main Authors: Kumar, Ravinder, Singh, Lakhveer, Zularisam, A. W., Hai, Faisal I.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bognor Regis Hindawi Limited 01.02.2018
• Subjects: Autoclaving; Bacteria; Biochemical fuel cells; bioremediation; biosensor; Electric power; Electric power generation; Electric power sources; Electricity distribution; electricity generation; Electrodes; Electrolysis; Electrolytic cells; Energy technology; Environmental management; Fuel cells; Fuel technology; Genetic engineering; Gold; Heavy metals; hydrogen production; Hydrogen-based energy; Iron oxides; Metals; microbial fuel cell; Microorganisms; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Pretreatment; Removal; Renewable energy; Renewable energy technologies; Renewable resources; Resource management; Sonication; State-of-the-art reviews; Sterilization; Technology; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment
• ISSN: 0363-907X; 1099-114X
• DOI: 10.1002/er.3780

Summary Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are emerging as a versatile renewable energy technology. This is particularly because of the multidimensional applications of this eco‐friendly technology. The technology depends on the electroactive bacteria, popularly known as exoelectrogens, to simultaneously produce electric power and treat wastewater. Electrode modifications with nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles and iron oxide nanoparticles or pretreatment methods such as sonication and autoclave sterilization have shown promising results in enhancing MFC performance for electricity generation and wastewater treatment. The MFC technology has been also investigated for the removal of various heavy metals and toxic elements, and to detect the presence of toxic elements in wastewater. In addition, the MFCs can be modified into microbial electrolysis cells to generate hydrogen energy from various organic matters. This article provides a comprehensive and state‐of‐the‐art review of possible applications of the MFC technology. This also points out the various challenges that limit MFC performance. Finally, this article identifies the strategies to improve MFC performance for different applications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Highlights State‐of‐the‐art information on major applications of MFCs and strategies to improve them is provided in this article. The basic principles of all the applications are thoroughly discussed. The obstacles that limit the technology to use in real‐world applications are reported. Many approaches such as electrode modification and genetic engineering can be utilized to improve MFC performances. The MFC applications are usually centered for investigation to either chamber of the MFC system. For example, treatment of wastewater can be examined in the anode chamber and biohydrogen production in the cathode chamber. The other applications such as bioremediation, biosensors, and microbial community analysis can be performed either in the anode or the cathode. Therefore, significant modifications can be made in the anode/cathode chamber to improve the performance of the MFC for the targeted application.