High-efficiency flame-retardant epoxy resin using phosphoraphenanthrene/thiazole-based co-curing agent

• Published in: Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry Vol. 148; no. 19; pp. 10115 - 10124
• Main Authors: Li, Lan, Li, Xiwei, Wan, Shengbing, Liu, Zheng, Zhang, Yafen, Kong, Qinghong, Zhang, Junhao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.10.2023; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Analysis; Analytical Chemistry; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Composite materials; Curing agents; Dilution; Enthalpy; Epoxy resins; Fireproofing agents; Flame retardants; Glass transition temperature; Heat release rate; Inorganic Chemistry; Measurement Science and Instrumentation; Methane; Physical Chemistry; Polymer Sciences; Epoxy resin; Flame retardancy; Co-curing; Smoke suppression; Phosphophenanthrene; Thiazole
• ISSN: 1388-6150; 1588-2926
• DOI: 10.1007/s10973-023-12363-2

To alleviate the fire hazard of epoxy resin (EP), an efficient flame retardant (ADM) containing phosphophenanthrene and thiazole groups is synthesized and used as co-curing agent for 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane to prepare EP/ADM composites. EP/4 mass% ADM composites with phosphorus content of only 0.25 mass% reach UL-94 V-0 rating and the limiting oxygen index value is high to 35.8%. The results reveal that the peak heat release rate, total smoke production, and total heat release of EP/4 mass% ADM composites are reduced by 24%, 14.4% and 16.7%, respectively, in comparison with those of pure EP. The improvement in flame retardancy is mainly attributed to the decomposition of DOPO which produces HPO• and PO• to capture the reactive radicals in the gaseous phase. The thiazole group releases hindered amine groups and inactive gas with a dilution effect in the gaseous phase thus further enhancing the effect of the phosphophenanthrene group. Besides, ADM helps to increase the glass transition temperature (T g ) of EP/ADM composites, which is 176 °C for EP/4 mass% ADM composites, which is higher than the value (172 °C) of EP.